Werner Heisenberg
A physicist who at twenty-three built matrix mechanics — the first consistent form of quantum theory — and two years later derived the uncertainty principle: the position and momentum of a particle cannot both be known exactly. He took the Nobel Prize at thirty-one; during the war he led the German uranium project, which is argued over still.
Born in Wurzburg on 5 December 1901 at 16:45 Central European Time, introduced in Germany in 1893. The hour is given consistently in references.