===== стр 1 ===== SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND PPST FOUNDATION DAVID PINGMIEXT BOOKS PROJECT, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S. Win 6 ORR yr NY Uf , F; ‘ \N aaa at tl ey) Salita ————— \\ ee Ks — ( SV OF M Oi THE KUPPUSWAMI SASTRI RESEARCH INSTITUTE MADRAS-600004 1973 Rs. 35/- ===== стр 2 ===== pest Foot WNL TEX? ZOORS oROSCT. SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND DAVID PINGREE ===== стр 3 ===== SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND DAVID PINGREE Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S. aA Ain ey Wz aN iS Ve on N oe aa Vane, "I es (ee 4 oe TH at aT Ree yy salina ———— \\ fesse 4 ——_ NJ Neal C SSO FF THE KUPPUSWAMI SASTRI RESEARCH INSTITUTE MADRAS-600004 1973 ===== стр 4 ===== PRINTED AT G. S. PRESS, MADRAS-4 ===== стр 5 ===== FOREWORD In the field of the study of the sciences of ancient India, in which fresh interest has grown recently in India and abroad, one of the most active and competent scholars whose work has already borne good fruits is Dr. Devid Pingree. I have been watching and keeping in touch with his work since his first visit to India in the fifties. A student of Prof, D. H. H. Ingalls, Pingree chose the field of Jyotig Sastra in Sanskrit for his specialisation. His work comprises not only examination of particular Jyotisa texts (e.g. Pavicasid- dhantika) and their edition (e.g. a different Paulisa) but also a comprehensive survey of astronomical and astrological mss., A Census of the Exact Sciences in Sanskrit as he calls it, and for this purpose. has spent considerable time with the mss. collec— tions in India, Furope and America, and also with those in the Middle East. 'The last mentioned part of his work has led to his discovering significant links in the history of the growth of Indian Juotisa and its connections with the Middle East and Greece. Some of the results of his investigations and discoveries in this Jine have been published in our own Journal of Orientol Research: Vol. XXXI, The Yavana Jataka of Sphujidhvaja (which he is also editing). Vol. XX XTIU. Indian Influence on Early Sasanian and Arabic Astronomy: and Vols. XXXIV-V. Indian, Sasanian and Early Islamic Astronomy and Astrology. His Census of Exact Sciences (Jyotisa) in Sanskrit is a catalogus catalugorum for the branch of Sanskrit literature he is concerned with, namely Jyotisa in all its branches, and will deal in its two parts. A and B, with Authors and Works separately in alvhabetical order. Two fascicles of Part A have been brought out through the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia (1970- 71). The whole series will consist of nine volumes. In addition to the above, Pingree undertook to present the data collected by him on Jyotisa works and authors studied by him in the different libraries in India, Nepal, Europe and US. in a series of volumes: His Sanskrit Astronomical Tables in the U.S. ===== стр 6 ===== 6 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND (The American Philosophical Suciety, 1968) is a detailed supple~ ment, so far as Jyotisa mss. are concerned, to Poleman’s Census of Indic Mss. in American Libraries. The volume which we have now brought out in the K.S.R. Institute gives a similar descriptive account of Jyotisa mss. in the Libraries in England. There have been before two vioneering Indian works, those of Sudhakara Dvivedin and S. B. Diksh't, giving a history of Sanskrit Jyotisa literature. But as Pingree says, his coverage has its speciality in greater accuracy and usefulness. For one thing, a larger mass of mss. material has come to be known since the times ci Dvivedin and Dikshit. As one who had devoted a great part of his time in mss. and cataloguing —in connection with the Neu: Cataloqus Catalogorum— T naturally got interested in the labours of Pingree: he was doing the same work which. confined as it is ¢o only one branch, «>t into far more detailed treatment of each work. presenting more bibliographical data ard analysis and summary of contents and tables. Becasue of the distance and time involved. the author could not add to this volume, as he wanted to. detailed indexes af authors. works, seribes. owners. other names of persons and places and Parameters. These will follow in a sunplement to he issued later. We have however provided the volume with a detailed Table of Contents. Jn correcting the proofs of this volume, T have been assisted hy Dr. S.S. Janaki, who has been helnine the work of the K SR Institute as Hony. Curator We sre thankful to the GS Press. MI ene 4 for orintirs this book. V. RAGHAVAN Madras, Hony Director & Editor KSR_ Inetitute 25-3-1973, Journe! of Oriental Research ===== стр 7 ===== PREFACE In the summer of 1969 the author was enabled to spend three weeks in England by a grant trom the Division of Social Sciences of the University of Chicago. During this period he was able to search for and to study manuscripts of Sanskrit astronornical tables ai the British Museum, the India Office Library, the Wellcome Historical Medical Library, and the Royal Asiatic Society in London; at the University Library and the Trinity College Library at Cambridge ; and at the Bodleian Library at Oxford. The results of this investigation, supplemented by later examinations of micro- films of some of the manuscripts, are here presented. It is be- lieved that they substantially increase our knowledge of this branch of Indian scientific activity, and it is hoped that they will stimulate similar analyses of Sanskrit astronomical tables pre—- served in the many manuscript-libraries in India itself. For their indispensible assistance the author offers his sincere thanks to the authorities of the libraries menticned above, as also to the University of Chicago for making the whole project feasi- ble. But he owes a special debt of gratitude to Prof. V. Raghavan, who so generously gave for his perusal lists of the manuscripts of some of the English collections which he made during his visit to England and also accepted this manuscript for publication and so expertly guided it into print. Providence, R.L 5 February 1973 DAVID PINGREE ===== стр 8 ===== CONTENTS PAGES Foreworp oe i AUTHOR’s PREFACE ; .. iii TaBLe or CONTENTS iv INTRODUCTION . 1 CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS BRITISH MUSEUM MANUSCRIPTS: BM Add. 14363a, Grahasaérani of Gangadhara . 7 14363b, Grahalaghava of Ganega . 8 14363c, Grahalaghavatika of Mallari 7 8 14363d, Grahigama of Govinda’s son 7 8 14363e, Grahalaghava of Ganega .. 8 14363f, Brhattithicintamami of Ganesa . 8 BM Add. 14365: 14365a, Asayavivarana of Munisvara on his own Siddhantasaérvabhauma (first adhikara) . 9 14365b, Grahigama of Govindasinu .. 9 14365c, Grahaprabodha of Nagega; Grahaprabodhasarini of Yadava .. 9 14365d, KeSavitajika of KeSava with Uddahrti of Visvanatha .. 10 14365c, Jyotisaratnaméla of Sripati wih Tika of Mahadeva .. 10 14365f, Tithicintimani of Ganesa .. 10 14365g, Grahasdrini of Gangadhara . ll 14365h, Sahyadrikhanda, Renukamahatmya from (Skanda Purana) .. 412 14365i, Bhagapancanga . 12 ===== стр 9 ===== 16 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLiwn IN ENGLAND 14365j, Brhajjateka of Varahamihira .. 32 14365k, Yantracintémani of Cakradhara with author’s own com. .. dL 143651, Yantraracanivali of Padmanabha with author’s own com, (ch. 2) ~. 12 14365m, Brhattithicintémani of Ganesa . 12 14865n, Brhattithicintamanitika cf Visnu . 2b 143650, Romakasiddhanta from Srisavayana (?) samhita . 13 14365p, Siddhantasundara of Jhanaraja a 1B 14365q, Grahalaghavodaharana of ViSvanatha .. 13 BM Add. 14366, Sighrasiddhi of Laksmidhara .. 3 BM Add. 26448: 26448a, Makaranda .. 14 26448b, Tables, Anonymous . Ds 26448e, Brhattithicintamani of Ganesa . = 16 26448d, Tithidarpana of Murari .. LT 26448e, Grahaprakasa of Devadatta .. Ll 26448f, Grahaprakdsatika of Devadatta - AT 26448g, A compilation .. 18 Tables - 18 26448h, Laghutithidarpana of Murari -. 18 26448i, Table 18 26448), Bhasvati of Satananda ee E:) 26448k, Anonymous . 18 264481, Sdyanalagnapatra . 18 26448m, Tables .. 18 26448n, Tables . 18 264480, Tables from Jatakacandrika .. 19 26448p, Tables from Anonymous . I CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY MSS. CUL Add. 2407, Makarandodéharana of Visvanatha .. 20 CUL Add. 2430, Com. Abhinavatamarasa of Purusottama on the Makaranda .. 20 ===== стр 10 ===== CONTENTS ii CUL Add. 2455, Makarandavivarana of Divakara .. =20 CUL Add. 2557, Tables from Mahadevi . at INDIA OFFICE MSS. IO 520a, Sesavdsana of Kamalakara .. 2 520b, Visnukaranoddharana wl 520c, Saryapaksasarana of Visnu .. 21 520d, Purusottama’s Abhinavatémarasa, on Makaranda .. 21 520e, Ganitasa@ra cr Trigatiké of Sridhara .. 6 2k IO 983, Ganitaraja of Kevalarama Paficanana .. 22 IO 1681a, Meghamala ascribed to Mahadeva (Siva) .. 23 1681b, Makarandodahrti of VigSvanatha .. 23 IO 1990a, Grahalighava of Ganega 1. 23 1990b, Laghucintamani of GaneSa 23 1990c, Grahalaghava of Ganesa .. 23 IO 2000, Tithicintamani of Ganega 1.) 23 IO 2049a, Jyotisaséroddhadra of Harsakirti e-) 2049b, Athavisanaksatraphala 2 25 2049¢, Tables 25 2049d, Bhuvanadipaka of Padmaprabhu(a) Siri we 26 IO 2083a, Grahaprabadhasarini of Yadava .. 26 2083b, Grahaléghavasarini I. .. 27 2083c, Grahavidyadhara of Vidyadhara .. 27 2083d, Grahakaumudi of Nrsimha .. 28 2083e, Grahakawmudi .. «28 1O 2252, Tables .. «28 10 2408a, Ganitactidamani of Harihara .. 80 2408b, Laghukhecarasiddhi of Sridhara 81 2408c, Golasiddhantacintamani of Sadananda .. 68t IO 2464a, Kalpalata .. $81 2464b, Tables, Grahajnana of ASadhara .. 31 ===== стр 11 ===== 12 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 2464c, Grahajnana of Asadhara 82 2464d, Laghukarana of Bhava SadaSiva Bhatta .. 82 2464e, Yuddhajayarnavatantra .. 83 2464f, Ganitasdrasamgraha of Mahavira .. 24 10 2476a, Tables from Makaranda .. 984 2476b, Makarandodiharana of Visvanatha .. 37 2476c, Makarandavivarana of Divakara .. 38 IO 2529a, Karanakutihala of Bhaskara .. 38 2529b, Paficéngavidyddhari of Vidyadhara .. 38 2529¢, Manitthatajika .. 38 2529d, Brahmasphutasiddhdnta of Brahmagupta .. 38 2529e, Tables, Tithikalpadruma of Kalyana .. 88 IO 2541a, Brahmatulya-Udiharana .. 40 2541b, Tajikasara of Haribhatta .. 40 2541c, Sumatiharsa’s Karika com. on Tajikasara of Haribhatta . «40 2541d, Lagnacandrika of KaSinatha .. 40 IO 2631, Pattraprakésa of ViSramasukla .. 40 TO 2648, Khetasiddhi of Dinakara .. Al 10 2730, Ramavinoda of Ramacandra, Tables .. 42 10 3653c, Khandakhadyakasarini .. 44 IO Burnell 287-288, Grahasarini .. 44 IO Mackenzie II 48a, Jatakapaddhati of KeSava .. 45 48b, Samarasara of Ramacandra 2. 645 48c, Makarandodaharana of Visvanatha . 6 645 48d, Samarasaratika of Bharata 2. 45 OXFORD CHANDRA SHUM SHERE MSS. Oxf. CS ec. 319a, Nilakanthitajakatika of Visvanatha .. 46 319, Stghrasiddhi of Laksmidhara .. 46 Oxf. CS d. 774a, Sukajataka .. AT 774b, Tajikabhiisana of Ganega . («AT 7114c, Yantracintamani of Cakradhara and Yantracintimanitika of Rama . «AT 774d, Balabodha of Mufjaditya .. 48 ===== стр 12 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 13 Add. 14,365n (Bendail 462). 15 pp. Pp, 1-15. Brhattithicintamanitika of Visnu. Add 14,3650 (Bendall 504). Ff, 132. Ff, 1r-32r. Romakasiddhanta from the Srigavaéyara (?) samhita. Add. 14,365p (Bendall 452), Ff, 1-28. Ff, 1r-28r, Siddhéntasundara composed by Jfanaraja in Saka 1425=-A.D, 1503. Add. 14,305q (Bendall 436). Ff. 1-21. On ft. 21r, is written: svasti Sri asvagajarasendusamkhyaparimitasake ise 7’ntyapakse matangavasare gajajayayam pustakam samaptam idam. The manuscript was copied. then, at Gajajaya on 12 May 1765 Julian. Ff, 1v-2lr. Grahaléghavoddéharana, a commentary on Ganesa's Grahalaghava composed by Visvanatha in Saka 1534=A.D. 1612. British Museum Add. 14,366 (Bendall 466). 38ff. On f, 12v is written: srisake 1544 dundubhisamvatsare bhadrapadasu 15 candre idam pustakam janardanena likhitam. The copying was finished, then, by Janardana on Monday 9, September 1622 Julian. Purchased from Major Thomas Best Jervis in July 1843. F. lr. 38 Sighrasiddhi ,; sampurna // janajoyi 800. Ff, 1v-12v. Sighrasiddhi composed by Laksmidhara in A.D. 1278. Fi. 13r-13v. Table 1 of the Sighrasiddhi. Ff, 14r-14v. Table 2 of the Sighrasiddhi. Ff. 15r-liv. Table of the Sighrasiddhi. Ff. 16r-16v. Table 4 of the Sighrasiddhi. Ff, 17r-17v. Table 5 of the Sighrasiddhi. Ff. 18r-18v. Table 6 of the Sighrasiddhi. Ff. 19r-24v. Table 7 of the Sighrasiddhi. Ff, 25r-30v. Table 8 of the Sighrasiddhi. Ff. 31r-36v. Table 9 of the Sighrasiddhi. Ff. 37r-37v. Table 10 of the Sighrasiddhi. F. 38r. Table 11 of the Sighrasiddhi. F. 38v. Tables 12 and 13 of the Sighrasiddhi., ===== стр 13 ===== it SANSAHIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND briaoia piusciun Add, Zo,t29 (senuall 414). Siacecii manuscripts bound together in tne tollowing order: a fl. 1-3; by. leu; © th 910, 69-90, 125-132, 135-136, anc 138-116; d if. 1-8; e fi. 1-21; £ ti. 1-2; gid; bh fi. 12,1 f 1, 6b £3; gt 6d li; nit, 4; ji,2 84,1 div lom Lt; a li; vit; and p, t. 1 and 2. Purchased irum Wiliam Erskine in 1868, Add, 26,4204 (Beodall 474A). 43 ti. F. dr, The isi verse oi the wwakeranda of Makaranda: sristryasiudnantaiaiena samyag visvopakaraya guroh prasadat , lilhyadipairam vitanoti kasyam anandakando makarandanama ,/1// This is iolicowea by the slatemeni: makarande tthikaamue hasyam varadau ehanam 0,0,47, , aad tne first verse vo: Hari- karna’s commeniary (composed in San. 1667--A.D. 1610): natva vagiscpacabjam hankarno iwalamatib, makarandahitan slukan tanuie balapouhakan, , 1,, F. Ir. Table 1 ui the Mukarunda tur seka 1608 to 1752--A.D. 1506 to 1830. F. dr. Table 2 of cae suakaranda ior £ iv 16 years. F. lv. Teble 3 o: ine Jiakaraxda ivr U to 26 paksas. Ff, 2r-2v. Table 4 of the Aiakaranda tor 0 to 59 horizonial aad, in intervals of 6, or U to 54 vertical. F. 3r. Table 5 of tie sdakarande ivr Sukea 1616 to 1712-.A.D, 1696 to 1790, F. 3r. Table 6 of the diakearande tor 1 to 24 years. , F. 3r. Columns 1 to 3 of table 7 oi the Makeranda for 9 to 1: sidereal months, F. 3r. Columns 4 and 5 of table 7 of the Mekaranda for 0 to 14 sidereal months. F. 3v. Table 10 of the iakarenda for 1 to 24 years. F. 3v. Table 11 of the Makeranda for 0 to 14. Ff. 4r.-4v. Table of the Mekaranda for 0 40 59 horizontal end, in intervals of 6, for 0 to 14 vertical, Ff. 5r-5v. Table 12 of the Makaranda for 0 to 59 herizontal and. in intervals of 6, for 0 to 534 vertical. ===== стр 14 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 15 Add. 26,448b. 5 ff. Ff, ir-lv. Text. F, 2r, Table 1 of the Anonymous of 1638 (see SATIUS, pp. 59b-60b) for 1 fo 13. synedic months; in the margin is written: cakra 27; 59, 33. F. 2r. Table 2 of the Anorymous of 1638 for 1 to 14 siderent months: in the margin is written: cakra 27; 13, 48. F. 2r. Table 3 of the Anonymous of 1638 for 1 to 13 synodic months, The epoch nasition is 0: 10, 28: cf. &: 10, 28 in table 3 of the Anonymous of 1790 (eee SATIUS, nv. 70a-70b). W2r. Table 4 of the Anonymous of 1638 for 1 ta 14 sideres! r-onths. The epoch position is 6; 20, 13: cf. 6; 0, 13 in table 4 of the Anonymous of 1799. F. zr. Table of the muhiartas of the Sun’s entry into 1 to 27 naksatras, This is the final colur-n of table 4 of the Anonymous of 1594 (see SATIUS, on. 54a-55a). F. 2v. Table § of the Anonymous of 1638 for 1 to 15. F. 2v. Table 7 of the Anonymous of 1628 for 1 to 15. The epoch position is 6: 50. 58: cf. 5; 50, 58 in table 5 of the Anonymous of 1790. F. 2v. Table 8 of the Anonymous of 1638, but substituting the tithi number far the Sun’s bhukti. F. 2?v. Table 9 of the Anonymous of 1638, but substituting the tithi number for the Sun’s bhukti: cf. table 3 of the Anonymous of 1594. F. 2v. Table of Jeneths of daylight and of night measured in ghatikas for 1 to 12 zodiacal signs. The maximum length of daylight is 33; 20 ghatikds in Gemini, the minimum 28; 38 ghatikds in Segittarius; ef. table 15 of the Anonymous of 1741 (see SATIUS, pv. 67a-68b). F. 2v. In the right-hand margin. added by a later hand. Cf. trble 15 of the Anunasmous of 1741. Aries 4;47,48 Leo 4:15.11 Sagittarius 6;6.16 Taurus 0:44.45 Virgo 0:17.22 Capricorn 0:26.13 Gemini 4:955 Libra 2:44.16 Aquarius 1,52 29 Cancer 0:50,8 Scorpio 4:37.24 Pisces 3:41.59 ===== стр 15 ===== 16 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND With the next three tables cf. tables 9 to 11 of the Pafcanga- vidyadhari and tables 16 to 18 of the Anonymous of 1741. The horizontal argument is in days and the vertical argument in frac- tions of a day; but the differences between the latter are 3:33 ehatikas. As there are 20 columns and the argument for column 1 is 0;1,2 ghatikds, the argument for column 20 is (3;3, 319) ++ 0:1,2--57;58,59 ghatikas. Ff, 3r-3v. Table of corrections for tithis for 0 to 27 days horizontal and in 20 columns vertical. The maximum correction is 24:48 ghatikas. Ff. 4r-4v. Table of corrections for naksatras for 0 to 27 days hori- zontal and in 20 columns vertical, The maximum correction is 22;56 ghatikas. Ff. 5r-5v. Table of corrections for yogas for 0 to 29 days horizontal and in 20 columns vertical. The maximum correction is 21:21 ghatikas. Add. 26,448¢ (Bendall 474B). Ff. 9-10, 89-90, 123-132, 135-136, and 138-146. The tables in this manuscript are those of the Brhattithicintémani of Ganefa arranged as in Poleman 4708 (Smith Indie 16) (see SATIUS, p. 14a). Ff. 9r-10v. Table of cycle 1 of the Brhattithicintamani: k~ 26 to 140. Ff. 89r-90v. Table of cycle 13 of the Brhattithicintamani: k=-254 to 371 (tithis), 254 to 362 (naksstras), and 254 to 389 (yogas). Ff. 123r-126r. Table of cycle 19 of the Brhattithicintamani: k --153 to 371 (tithis), 153 to 362 (naksatras), and 153 to 389 (yogas) Ff 126v-182v. Table of cycle 21 of the Brhattithicintémani (complete). Ff. 135r-136v. Table of cycle 21 of the Brhattithicintamoni: k=121 to 236. Ff. 138r-139r, Table of cycle 21 of the Brhattithicintimani: k—-294 to 371 (tithis) , 294 to 362 (naksatras), and 294 to 289 (yogas). Ff. 139v-145v. Table of cycle 22 of the Brhattithicintamani (complete). Ff. 146v-146v. Table of cycle 23 of the Brhattithicintamani: k=0 to 61. ===== стр 16 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 17 Add. 26,448d (Bendall 474C). Ff. 1-8 and additivnal folio. This manuscript and Add. 26,448g appear to have been written by the same scribe. On the recto of the additional folic is an owner’s signature in English script: Sarni. This is a Mahari strian name. Ff. ir-3r. Table 1 of the Tithidarpana composed by Murari in ca. A.D. 1665. Ff 3v-5v. Table 2 of the Tithidarpana. F. 6r-8v. Table 3 of the Tithidarpana. F. 8v. Text. Additional folio, recto. Text. Additional folio, verso. Table 4 of the Tithidarpana. Add. 26,448e (Bendall 474D). 11 ff. Ff. lr-lv. Grahaprakaga composed by Devadatta in 17 verses in Saka 1584—A.D. 1662. F. lv. Tables 1 to 3 of the Grahaprakasa. F. 2r. Blank. F. 2v. Tables 4 to 5 of the Grahaprakasa. Ff. 2v-3r. Table 6 of the Grahaprakasa. F. 3v. Table 7 of the Grahaprakasa. F. 4r. Text. F. 4r. Tables 8 to 9 of the Grahaprakasa. F. 4v. Table 10 of the Grahaprakaéa. Ff. 5r-5v. Tables 11 to 12 of the Grahaprakééa. F. 6r. Table 13 of the Grahaprakdasa. F. 6v. Table 14 of the Grahopraksa. F. 7r. Table 15 of the Grahaprakasa. F. 7v. Table of the Grahaprakasa. F. 8r. Table 17 of the Grahaprakésa. F. 8v. Table 18 of the Grahaprakasa. F. 9r. Tables 19 to 20 of the Grahaprakasa. F. 9v. Table 21 of the Grahaprakasa. Ff, 10r-10v. Table 22 of the Grahaprakésa. F. 11r. Table 23 of the Grahaprakésa. F. 1lv. Tables 24 to 31 of the GrahaprakaSa. Add. 26,448f (Bendall 474E). 2ff. Ff. 1-2. Grahaprakasatika composed by Devadatta in ca. A.D, 1682 in 24 verses 3 ===== стр 17 ===== 18 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Add. 26,448g. Ff. 5-6. This manuscript was apparently written by the scribe of BM Add. 26,448d. Ff. 5r-6v. Astrological compilation quoting Pitamaha, Vrddha- vasistha, the Jyotihprakasa, Gargya, etc. F. 6v. Table 5 of the Anonymous of 1594, table 8 of the Pafcanga- vidyadhari. Add. 26,448h. 4ff. F. Ir. Tables 1 and 2 of the Laghutithidarpana. F. lv. Tables 3 and 4 of the Laghutithidarpana. F. 2r. Tables 5 and 6 of the Laghutithidarpana. F, 2v. Tables 7 to 9 of the Laghutithidarpana. F. 3r. Tables 19 to 12 of the Laghutithidarpana. F. 3v. Tables 13 and 14 of the Laghutithidarpana. Ff, 4r-4v. Laghutithidarpana composed by Murari in Saka 1587 = A.D. 1665. Add. 26,448. 1f. F. 1r. Table stating that the noon equinoctial shadow is 4;30 digits. Ff. Ir-lv. A nirayanalagnapatra for 0 to 11 zodiacal signs vertical 0° to 29° horizontal. Add, 26,448). F. 2. Ff. 2r-2v. IV 6-VII 5 of the Bhdsvati composed by Satananda in Saka 1021 = A.D. 1099. Add, 26,448k. 1f. Ff, Ir-lv. Text in 11 verses. The 11th is: aliminisaraseharore bahubalamuniraya siddhakara masayavaneji vimalakirate gunagaya harasadhari navabolajoji. Add. 26,4481. 1f, Ff. ir-lv. Sayanalagnapatra for 0° to 29° horizontal, 0 to 11 zodia- cal signs vertical, The vernal equinox is at Pisces 11°. Add 26,448m. 1f. Ff. lr-lv. Table of the catustaikya for 0 to 365 days; cf. table 28 of the Khetasiddhi, table 6 of the Grahakaumudi. The maximum is +1;33 at day 72, the minimum -2;31 at days 283 to 285. On £. lv. ===== стр 18 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 19 is written: sirohi ayanamSa 19/0/0. This indicates that it was written at Sirohi in Rajasthan in the eighteenth century. Add. 26,448n. 1f. Ff, 1r-lv. Table of half-lengths of daylight for 0° to 29° horizontal, Aries to Pisces vertical, The maximum is 16:47 ghatikaés (« 2— 33;34 ghatikas) at Gemini 10°, the minimum 13;13 ghatikas at Sagittarius 7° and 8°. The ayandméSa is given as 20”. Add. 26,4480. If. Ff, 1r-lv, Table of planetary aspects according to the Jataka- candrika. Add. 26,448p. 3ff. F. lr, Table of week-days on which the Sun enters each of the 27 naksatras (very similar to table 16 of the Makaranda); of the lengths of daylight (the maximum is 33;10 ghatikas at Punarvasu, the minimum 26;51 ghatikas at Uttarasadhi); and of two other unexplained functions. F. 1v, Mean motion tables of the Lord of the year for 0 to 16 years and for 0 to 16 periods of 16 years. The yearly parameter is 1;15,31,31,24 days; the epoch position is 2;14,55,31 days. F. lv. Table of week-days on which the Sun enters each of the 12 zodiacal signs (identical with table 15 of the Makaranda) and of the Sun’s daily progresses. F. lv. Table of parameters for 16-year periods and single years with the cycles. labdhagunas Sesagunas cakras Lord of the year 6;8,26,22 1;15,31,31,24 7 Tithivara 27;6,6,12 11;1,12,42 30 Naksatravara 24;5,48,9 10.1,18,3 27 Yogavara 24;5,49,3 10:1,17,53 27 Tithikendra 2345,8,30 7;36,18,0 30 Naksatrakendra 2:25,30.0 7,43,13,30 30 Yogakendra 2;27,2,0 7:43,2,0 30 ===== стр 19 ===== 20 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Cf. table 8 (of the Tithicintamani). These are the parameters of the Saurapaksa. F. 2r, Mean motion tables of tithis and tithivaras for 0 to 16 years and 0 to 12 periods of 16 years. The tithi’s parameter for 16 years is 27, the tithivara’s $:6,12 days; cf. table 1 of the Makaranda. F, 2r. Mean motion iables of the tithikendras for 0 to 16 years and Q to 12 periods of 16 years. The parameter for 16 years is 2:45.8,30. Ff, 2v-3v. Skeletons of similar tables: not filled in. Cambridge University Library Add. 2407. 27ff. On f. 27v is written: samvat 1901 Sakah 1766 dvitiyaSravanavadi 11 bhrgudine chamgamiérena haragovimdapathanartham lipikrtam pustakam/ ‘ haragovimdenamapautraS ciramjivi bhavatu / saérasvatesu asta- vamSa sadamgajfialiyah. The copying was finished, then, on Friday 25, August 1844 Julian by Changamisra Sarasvata of the Sadangaifhati for his grandson Haragovinda. Ff. iv-2%v. Makarandasyodiharaaa composed by Wisvanatha in Saka 1544 -- A.D. 1622. Cambridge University Library Add. 2430. 8ff. On £, 8v is written: sam 1887 caitrakisa2 8 ravau li motirama sarasvata brahmana Samdajnatiyena. The copying was finished, then, on Sunday, 6 April, 1830, Julien by Motirama Sarasvata, a brahmana of the Sandajnati. Ff, 1v-8v. Abhinavatémarasa, a commentary on the Makavanda, composed by Purusottama in A.D. 1631. Cambridge University Library Add. 2455. 11f. Ff, lv-l1 r. Mekarandavirarcya composed by Divakara in 149 verses in ca, A.D. 1650, Cambridge University Library Add, 2557, Ff. 1-114, 126-128, 141-143 and 149-51. On f. 151r is written: samvat 1823 varse aSvinimase Sukrapakse trayodasyam tithau ravivasare vrddhinamni yoge Srimadvijayagacche muni éri 108 ‘ejapalaji tadamtevasina rsi sakarnendlekhi. The copying was finished, then, on Sunday, 8 October, 1766 Julian by Sakarna, the student of Tejapalaji in the Vijayagaccha. On f. Ir is written: pustakam idam éesila- oendilamahé4sayaprabocdhitera medapatodaya—puradhisapandita- ramapratipena kembrijasarvavidy4layapustakalaydya samarpitam. ===== стр 20 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 21 It was given to Cambridge University Library, then, by Rama- pratapa, pandita of the ruler of Medapatodayapura (Udaipur, Mewar, Rajasthan), at the instigation of Cecil Bendall. F. 1v. Skeleton of a table; not filled in, Ff. 2r-3lr. Table 9 of the Mahidevi for N == 0 to 59. Ff. 31v-61r. Table 10 of the Mahddevi for N = 0 to 59. Ff, 61v-91r. Table 11 of the Mahddevi for N == 0 to 59. Ff, 91v-114v. Table 12 of the Mahidevi for N = 0 to 46. Ff. 126r-128v. Table 13 of the Mahddevi for N = 9 to 12. Ff, 141r-143v. Table 13 of the Mahaddevi for N -= 39 to 44. Ff. 149r-151r. Table 13 of the Mahadevi for N == 55 to 59. India Office 520. A manuscript consisting of five parts written by one hand. Presented by H. T. Colebrooke. 520a (Eggeling 2893). 58ff. A copy of this is India Office 2292 (Eggeling 2804). 24ff. From Calcutta. Ff. 1v-58r. Sesavadsané composed by Kamalakara in ca. A.D. 1660. 520b (Eggeling 2952). 26ff. On f. 26r. is written: lisitam hebhadattena atmapathartham. A copy of this is India Office 2300 (Eggeling 2953). 16ff, From Calcutta. RE, 1v-26r. Visnukaranodaharana with calculations for Monday 15 Vaisakha Samvat 1669, Saka 1534 = 4 May, 1612, Julian. 520c (Eggelin 2950). 24ff. A copy of this is India Office 2265 (Eggeling 2951). 10ff. From Calcutta, Ff, 1v-24r, Abhinavaprakara from the SiiryapaksaSarana composed by Visnu in Saka 1530 = A.D. 1608. 520d (Eggeling 2958). 16ff. A copy of this is India Office 2303 (Eggeling 2959). 8ff. From Calcutta. Ff. 1v-16v. Abhinavatimarasa, a commentary on Makaranda’s Makaranda, composed by Purusottama in A.D, 1631. 520e (Eggeling 2788). 23ff. A copy of this is India Office 2296 (Eggeling 2790). 15ff. From Calcutta. Ff, 1v-23r. Ganitastra or Trigatika composed by Sridhara in ca. 900. India Office 983 (Eggeling 2963). Ff, 1-13, 13bis-33, and 33bis—52. Bengali script. Presented by H. T. Colebrooke, ===== стр 21 ===== 22 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Ff, 1v-13v. Gavitaréja composed by Kevalarama Paficanana, in A.D. 1728, F, 13bis r. Tables 1 to 5 of the Ganitaraja. F, 13bis v. Tables 6 to 7 of the Ganitaraja. F, 14r. Table 8 of the Ganitaraja. Ff, 14r-14v. Table 9 of the Ganitaraja. Ff. 14v-15r. Table 10 of the Ganitaraja. Ff. 15r-15v. Table 11 of the Ganitaraja, Ff . 15v-17v. Table 12 of the Ganitaraja. Ff. 18r-19r. Table 13 of the Ganitaraja. Ff, 19r-21v. Table 14 of the Ganitaraja. Ff, 21-22v. Table 15 of the Ganitardja. Ff . 22v-24v. Table 16 of the Ganitardja. Ff, 24v-25v. Table 17 of the Ganitardja. F, 25v. Table 18 of the Ganitaéraja. F. 26r. Tables 19 to 20 of the Ganitaraja. Ff. 26r-28r. Table 21 of the Ganitaraja. F. 28r. Table 22 of the Ganitardja. Ff. 28r-30r. Table 23 of the Gannitaraja. F. 30r. Tables 24 to 26 of the Ganitardja. F. 30v. Tables 27 to 29 of the Ganitaraja. Ff. 31r-32v. Table 30 of the Ganitaraja. Ff. 32v-33bs r. Table 31 of the Ganitaraja. Ff. 33bis v-34v. Table 32 of the Ganitardaja. Ff. 34v-36r. Table 33 of the Ganitaraja. Ff. 36r-37v. Table 34 of the Ganitaraja. Ff. 37v-38v. Table 35 of the Ganitaraja. F. 38v, Table 36 of the Ganitaraja. Ff. 39r-39v. Table 37 of the Ganitaraja, Ff. 39v-40v. Table 38 of the Ganitaraja. Ff. 40v-41v. Table 39 of the Ganitaraja, Ff. 41v-42r. Table 40 of the Ganitaraja. FY, 42r-43r. Table 41 of the Ganitaraja. Ff. 43r-44r. Table 42 of the Ganitardja. Ff. 44r-44v, Table 43 of the Ganitardja, Ff. 44v-45v. Table 44 of the Ganitaraja. Ff. 45v-46v. Table 45 of the Ganitaraja. Ff. 46v-47v. Table 46 of the Ganitaraja. Ff. 47v-48v. Table 47 of the Ganitaraja. Ff, 48v-49v. Table 48 of the Ganitaraja, ===== стр 22 ===== Ff. 49v-50v. Table 49 of the Gartitardja. Ff. 50v-5lv. Table 50 of the Ganitardja. Ff. 51v-52v. Table 51 of the Ganitaraja. India Office 1681. Two manuscripts bound together, Presented by H. T. Colebrooke, 1681a (Eggeling 3137). 43ff. On f. 48r, is written: samvat 1855 mih. It was copied, then, in A.D. 1798/9. Ff, lv-48r. Meghamila ascribed to Mahadeva (= Siva). 1681b (Eggeling 2957). 26ff. On f, 26r. is written: samvat 1842. It was copied, then, in A.D. 1785/6. Ff. 1-26r. Makarandasyodéhrti composed by Visvanatha in Saka 1544 = A.D, 1622. India Office 1990. Three manuscripts written by the same hand bound together. Bequeathed by John Taylor, M.D., of Bombay on 20 April, 1822. 1990a (Eggeling 2939). 14ff. Ff, 1-14. Grahaldghava (I-VI and IX) composed by GaneSa in Saka 1442 = A.D, 1520. 1990b (Eggeling 2943). 3ff. On f. 3v is written: idam pustakam Sake 1718 analanamasamvatsare // laghucimtamanim lekhyam madhave masy udagayanam / vadyapakse castami ca somasvini ca lekhaya //1. / stryodayad uparitayamadivasalekhaya / pavasagramamtavrtyamsi sidhamti jyotisiya ca . 2, / yajniesvarasya namniyat cimtamanasya sununa /,’3,// The copying was finished, then, on 19 May, 1796 Julian by Yajiies- vara, the son of Cintamana and a resident of Pavasagrama. Ff. 1v-3v. Laghucintémani composed by GaneSa in Saka 1447 = A.D. 1525. 1990c (Eggeling 2940). 10ff. Ff. 1-10. Grahaléghava (I-VI) composed by GaneéSa in Saka 1442 = A.D. 1520. India Office 2000 (Eggeling 2942). 28ff. in four parts: A 4ff.; B 8ff.; C 7ff£.; and D 9ff. On A f. 4r is written: Sake 1705 Sobhakrt a$vinakrsnacaturthyam sampurnam // cintamanena lekheyam ===== стр 23 ===== narayanam ca diyate , upadesam ca raksanyam tadartham dattu pustakam. This indicates that it was copied by Citamana on 15 October, 1783 Julian, and given to Narayana to study and preserve. Bequeathed by John Taylor, M.D., of Bombay on 20 April, 1822; it was ms. 89 in his collection. A ¥f. lv-4r. Tithicintdmaii composed by Ganega in Saka 1447 = A.D. 1525, BF. 1r. Blank. Ff. lv-7v. Table 3 of the Tithicintémani for 0 to 420 yogas. F. 8r. Table of yearly calakas which differ from line 2 of Table 8 of the Tithicintaémani. Function Calaka Function Calaka abdapa 4;15,31 days spastatithikendra 7;5,55 days suddhi 11;3,53 tithis spastanaksatra- kendra 7;0,23 tithidhruva 10;53,7 days spastayogakendra 7;31,52 naksatradhruva 10;2,31 tithibhoga 1;11,42 yogadhruva 10;2,31 naksatrabhoga 1;18,4 madhyatithikendra 7;9,48 yogabhoga 1;17,53 madhyanaksatra- kendra 6;57,52 bhabhoga 1;13,4 madhyayoga- kendra 7;29,31 F, 8r. Table 4 of the Tithicintémani for 1 to 27 naksatras. F, 8r. Table 5 of the Tithicintamani for 1 to 12 zodiacal signs., F, 8v, Blank. Cc. F. Ir. Blank. Ff, iv-7v. Table 2 of the Tithicintéinani for 0 to 390 nak3atras. D. F. 1r. Blank, Ff. lv-9r. Table 1 of the Tithicintdmani for 0 to 400 tthis. F, 9r. A table entitled: tithisafikranti. Aries --33 Leo — 26 Sagittarius + 43 Taurus —- 22 Virgo -- 68 Capricorn + 53 Gemini —20 Libra +244 Aquarius +156 Cancer —-19 Scorpio + 57 Pisces —- 848 (sic) The significance of this table is not clear. ===== стр 24 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 25 F. 9v, Blank. India Office 2049. Four manuscripts bound together. Presented by the Gaikawar on 29 September, 1809. 2049a (Eggeling 3001). No. 265 in the Gaikawar’s collection. 20ff. On f. 20v is written: sribavalligrame ,. kalyananidhana- Sisyalabdhicamdra li. 1t was copied in Bavalligrama (Bavliari, Gujarat), then, by Labdhicandra, the pupil of Kaiyananidhana. Ft, lv-20v. Jyotisuséroddhara (incomplete) composed by Harga- kirti. 2049b (Eggeling 3043). 30f. On f. 30r. is written: samvat 1688 varse caitrasud: ¥ bhrguvasare bhaiasri 5 gokula lisitam idam. The copying was finished, then, by Gokula Bhata on Friday 1 April, 1631 Julian, Ff. 1v-30r. Athavisanaksutraphala, for which see 10 Gujarati 1225 A IIL. 2049c (Eggeling 2967). No. 210 in the Gaikawar’s collection. 24ff. On f. Ir. is written: bhataprobhuji jivaraja ni pratih dhana- phali che pamna 24. It belonged, then, to Jivaraja, Bhata Prabhuji . Ff. lv-8v. Table of equations of the tithikendra for 0 to 27 days horizontal and fur 0 to 59 ghatis vertical, The maximum is 1;5,57 at 0;59 days, the minimum 0;35,13 at 21;23 to 21.227 days; the entry at 0;0 days is 1:0,0. One expecis in this table as in the following two a higher maximum cf. tables 6 to 8 of the Anonymous of 1594 (Satius, p. 55a). Ff. 9r-l6r. Table of equations vf the naksatrakendra for 0 to 27 days horizontal, and for 0 to 59 ghatis vertical, The maximum is 1;5,35 at 0;59 days, the minimum 0;37,4 at 20;47 to 20;51 days; the entry at 0;0 days is 1,0,0. Ff. 16v-23v. Table of equations of the yogakendra for 0 to 29 days horizontal, and for 0 to 59 ghatis vertical, The maximum is 1;4,50 at 0:59 days, the minimum 0;38,40 at 22;16 to 22;17 days; the entry at 0;0 days is 1:0,0. F, 24r. Table of the beginnings of the naksatracaranas; cf. table 41 of the Makaranda. F, 24v. Blank. 4 ===== стр 25 ===== 26 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 2049d (Eggeling 3039). No. 267 in the Gaikawar’s collection. 14ff. Ff. lv-14v. Bhuvanadipaka composed by Padmaprabhu(a) Siri with an interlinear interpretation in Gujarati. India Office 2083. Four manuscripts bound together. Presented by the Gaikawar on 29 September, 1809. 2083a (Eggeling 2969). No 214 in the Gaikawar’s collection. Ff. 5-37. On f. 37v is written: garaSiya cada bhaiji/sirnaja bhalama/ pamdita gokala abaidasa, bhai bhagavana apane mila 4/pacha. This manuscript contains the tables of the Grahaprabodhasarim com- posed by Yadava in Saka 1585 — A.D. 1663. Ff. 5r-5v. Table 2 of the Grahaprabodhasérin. Ff. 6r-6v. Table 3 of the Grahaprabodhasarim. Ff. 7r-7v. Table 4 of the Grahaprabodhasarini. Ff, 8r-8v. Table 5 of the Grahaprabodhasarini. Ff, 9r-9v. Table 6 of the Grahaprabodhasarini. Ff, 10r-10v. Table 7 of the Grahaprabodhasarin. Ff. 1lr-llv. Table 8 of the Grahaprabodhasarini. Ff. 12r-12v. Table 9 of the Grahaprabodhasarini. Ff, 13r-13v. Table 10 of the Grahaprabodhasdarini. Ff, 14r-15v. Table 11 of the Grahaprabodhasarini. Ff. 16r-17v. Table 12 of the Grahaprabodhasarini. Ff, 18r-19v. Table 13 of the Grahaprabodhasérini. Ff, 20r-20v. Table 18 of the Grahaprabodhasé@rini. Ff, 21r-22v. Table 14 of the Grahaprabodhasarini. Ff, 23r-23v. Table 19 of the Grahaprabodhasérini. Ff. 24r-25v. Table 15 of the Grahaprabodhasérini. Ff. 26r-26v. Table 20 of the Grahaprabodhasarini. Ff, 27r-28v. Table 16 of the Grahaprabodhasarini. Ff. 29r-29v. Table 21 of the Grahaprabodhasarini. Ff. 30r-3lv. Table 17 of the Grahaprabodhasarini. Ff. 32r-32v. Table 22 of the Grahaprabodhasarini. Ff. 33r-33v. Table 23 of the Grahaprabodhasarini, divided into two parts; on ff. 33r-33v is the table of gatiphalas, on f. 33v that of gunas. Ff, 34r-37r. Table of the lengths of daylight, measured in ghatikas and vinadikas, for 1 to 366 days; also given are the times in the ===== стр 26 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS. 27 same units between sunrise and the Sun’s crossing of the six o’clock circle (the caradala). The longest day is 33;12 ghatikas on day 94; the shortest 26;48 on day 277, 2083b (Eggeling 2970). No. 215 in the Gaikawar’s collection. Ff, 1-2 and 4-8. On f. 8v a different hand has inscribed a text which mentions the date Saka 1442 = A.D. 1520, the epoch of Ganeéa’s Grahalaghava. In tables 1 to 9 dhruvankas 3 to 30 are given. F. 1r. Tables 1 and 2 of the Grahal@ghavasarini I. Ff. 1r-lv. Table 3 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. F. lv. Table 4 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. F. 2r. Tables 6 and 7 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. Ff. 2r-2v. Table 8 of the Grahalighavasarini I. F. 2v. Table 9 of the Grahalighavasarini I. F. 2v. Beginning of table 10 of the Grahalaghavasarini I, for 1° to 40°, F, 4r. End of table 13 of the Grahaldghavasarini I, for 28° to 90°. Ff, 4r-4v. Table 14 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. F. 4v. Table 15 of the Grahalighavasérini I. Ff. 4v-5r. Table 16 of the Grahalighavasarin I. Ff. 5r-6r. Table 17 of the Grahalaghavasdrini I. Ff. 6r-6v. Table 18 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. Ff. 6v-7r. Table 19 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. Fr. 7r-7v. Table 20 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. Ff. 7v-8r. Table 21 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. F. 8v. Astronomical text, in different hand. 2083c (Eggeling 2961). No. 219 in the Gaikawar’s collec- tion. Ff. 1-6. On f. 6v is written: lisitam bhata éri 5 prabhijisuta- morarajikena lisitam svartham // bhai Sri 5 jivaraja tathda vala- bhaji pathanartham ‘’. This indicates that it was copied by Mora- rajika, the son of Prabhiji Bhata , for his own use and that of his brothers Jivaraja and Valabhaji. Ff. 1v—6v. Grahavidyadhara, composed by Vidyadhara in Saka 1560 = A.D. 1638. F. 4v. Table of mean daily motions. 2083d and e (Eggeling 2945 and 2946). No. 213 in the Gaika-- war’s collection, The manuscript consists of two parts: A (2083d) ff. 1-3 and B (2083e) ff. 1-71. ===== стр 27 ===== 28 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND A (2083d) ff. 1v-3v. Grahakaumudi composed by Nrsimha in Saka 1525 = A.D. 1603. B (2083e) ff. Ir-14r. Table 1 of the Grahakaumudi. Ff. 14v-27v. Table 2 of the Grahakaumudi. Ff. 28r-41r. Table 3 of the Grahakaumudi. Ff. 41v-54v. Table 4 of the Grahakawmudi. Ff. 55r-68r. Table 5 of the Grahakaumudi. F, 68v. Table 6 of the Grahakaumudi. F. 71r. Table 8 of the Crahakaumadi. F. 71v. Blank. India Office 2252 (Eggeling 2971). Ff. A, 1-13 B, and 14-88. On f. 88r is written: samvat 1753 varse Sake 1620 pra malavamane maghavadi 2 Sanau ghati 32:46 asles& ghati 20;29 a4yusman ghati 26;17 evam pamcdamgasuddhau taddine prathamaratrigataghati 8;— tamayeku arado latasimehaji grhe bharya vahuravalaputrajanma// surya 9 9:35. This refers to the nativity of Bahuravala, the son of Latasimha, on Saturday 4 February 1699 Julian at 32;46 ghatis when, according to the Paficaigaguddhi, the Moon was in the naksatra ASlesa 20;29 ghatis and 26;17 ghatis of the yoga Ayusman had elapsed; the Sun was in Capricorn (!) 9;35. The tropical longitudes of the Sun and Moon at sunset on this day were Aquarius 26° and ca. Leo 20°. On f. By is written: pam manarama govimda Samana patra 87 che bhramananam. The pandita, Manirama Govinda Sarman, was undoubtedly an early owner of the manus- cript. Presented by the Gaikawar on 29 September, 1809. F. Ar. Table of the true longitudes of the Sun for 1 to 27 avadhis and of the Sun’s daily progress during each avadhi. The entry for k -= 1 is 2:7,39°, ihat for k -- 27150;53,48°. The maximum daily progress is 1;1,24° at k — 20, the minimum 0;56,53" at k--7. Cf. table 17 of the Jagadbhiisana and f. 86v. below. F. Ar. Table of the longitudes of the lunar node for 1 to 27 avadhis. The motion in 26 avadhis (- 364 days) is ~19;29,17°; the daily motion, then, is -0;3,1945....°. Cf. table 20 of the Jagadbhiisana and f. 86 v_ below. F. Av. Table of the longitudes of the lunar node for 1 to 93 years. This is table 19 of the Jaqadbhisana, hut, like the planetary tables ===== стр 28 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 29 below, it begins with the year 1 (= A.D. 1639) rather than with the year 0 (= A.D. 1638). This statement is confirmed by the entries for k -= 1 in all the relevant tables. true tropical k=1 longitudes for differences 28 Mar. 1639 Saturn 4,54;26,11° 5,17” -23° Jupiter 3,47;34,25 45 -17 Mars 35;35,37 54 -18 Sun — 18 -18 Venus 15;0,42 30 -15 Mercury 5,03333,31 1 -7 Lunar node 4,3;:31,8 4,22 -18 Ff, Ir-14r, Table 1 (Mars) of the Jagadbhisana for N= 1 to 79. On f, tr the date is given as 1571, one must rather read Saka 1561 — A.D. 1639, Ff. 14v-22r. Table 2 (Mercury) of the Jagadbhisana for N = A.D. 1639. Ff 14v-22r. Table 2 (Mercury) of the Jagadbhisana for N = 1 to 46. Ff. 22v-36r. Table 3 (Jupiter) of the Jagadbhisana for N — 1 to 83. Ff. 36v.-72v and 73v-74v. Table 4 (Venus) of the Jagadbhisana for N = 1 to 227. F. 73r. Tables of phanicakra and sarvatobhadracakra. F. 75r. Blank. Ff. 75v-79r. and 80r—85v. Table 5 (Saturn) of the Jagadbhisana for N =1 to 59. F. 79v. Skeleton of table; not filled in, F. 86r. Table 19 of the Jagadbhisana for 1 to 93 years. F, 86v. Table 17 of the Jagadbhisana for k = 1 to 27; but the entry for k = 1 is 2;9,40° and that for k = 27 is 0;55,48°. F, 86v. Table of the traikya for 1 to 27 avadhis; ef. column 5 of table 16 of the Jegadbhisana. ===== стр 29 ===== 20 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 1 +0;25 10 0;51 19 1;38 2 0;51 U1 0;43 20 1;50 3 1;20 12 0;33 21 1;58 4 1;29 13 0;23 22 1;54 5 1;44 14 +0;10 23 1;37 6 1;45 15 ~~ -0;7 24 1;15 7 1;33 16 0;25 25 0;45 8 1;23 17 0;51 26 ~-0;12 9 1;8 18 1;14 27 +0;23 F. 86v. Table 19 of the Jagadbhisana for k=1 to 27; but the entry for k-=27 is -19; 17, 34°. F. 87r. Table 8 of the Jagadbhiisana for 1 to 122 years. The epact for year 1 is 7;15.35 which gives a lunar longitude of 1,27;7°. F. 87v. Table 6 of the Jagadbhisana for 1 to 89 years. The lord of the year for year 1 is 1;11,45,47—a Monday, as is 28 March 1639. India Office 2408. Three manuscripts bound together. Presented by the Gaikawar on 29 September 1809. 2408a (Eggeling 2924). No. 211 of the Gaikawar’s collection. 13ff. On f. 13v. is written: samvat 1656 varse Sake 1521 pravarttamane /margaSiraSudi dvitiya bhrgau adyeha _ Srigiri- narayanajnatiya’pamdya narasimhasutapurusottamena likhitam/ paropakarartham ’‘. It was copied, then, by Purusottama, the son of Narasimha of the Girinarayanajfati; the copying was completed on Friday 9, November 1599 Julian. Ff. lv-13v. Ganitacti lamani composed by Harihara in ca. A.D, 1580. 2408b (Eggeling 2930). No. 212 of the Gaikawar’s collection. off. On f, 9r is written: samvat 1611 varse 3ake 1477 pravartamane caitrasudi 3 some ‘adyeha Srijirnadurge vastavyah érigirinarayana- inatiyah samkaliyapamdya 4srividyadharasutavisnuraghunathani- lakanthanarasimhaputrapautradipathanartham érinilakanthasva-— hastena lisitam ‘ karanakutihale aharganamtaram 16096 ‘’. It was copied, then, at Jirnadurea (Junagadh). by Nilakantha, the son of Vidyadhara of the Girinarayanajnati, for himself, his brothers Visnu, Raghunatha, and Narasimhe and their descendents; the copying was finished on Monday 25, March 1555. The epoch of ===== стр 30 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 31 the Karanakutithala was 23 February, 1183 (see SATIUS, pp. 36a- 37a); 16,096 (= 4 X 4,016) days later is 20 March, 1227, the epoch of the Laghukhecarasiddhi, Ff. lv-4v. Laghukhecarasiddhi composed by Sridhara in Saka 1149 = A.D. 1227, F. br. Tables 1 to 4 of the Laghukhecarasiddhi, F. 5v. Tables 5 to 8 of the Laghukhecarasiddhi. F. 6r. Tables 9 to 12 of the Laghukhecarasiddhi, F. 6v. Tables 13 to 16 of the Laghukhecarasiddhi. F, 7r. Tables 17 to 18 of the Laghukhecarasiddhi., F. 7v. Tables 19 to 20 of the Laghukhecarasiddhi. F. 8r. Tables 21 to 22 of the Laghukhecarasiddhi., Ff, 8v-9r. Table 23 of the Laghukhecarasiddhi. F. 9v. Blank, 2408c (Eggeling 2903). No. 213 in the Gaikawar’s collection. 10ff. Ff, lr-l0v. A fragment of the Golasiddhantacintémani composed by Sadananda. India Office 2464. Six manuscripts bound together. Presented by the Gaikawar on 29 September, 1809. 2466a (Eggeling 2941). No 213 (!) of the Gaikawar’s collec- tion. 28ff, Ff. 1lv-3v. Kalpalata. F. 4r. Table 1 of the Kalpalata. Ff, 4v-llv. Table 2 of the Kalpalata. F, 12r. Table 3 of the Kalpalata. Ff, 12v-19v. Table 4 of the Kalpalata. . F, 20r. Table 5 of the Kalpalata. Ff. 20v-27v. Table 6 of the Kalpalata. F. 28r. Tables 7 to 8 of the Kalpalata. F, 28v. Tables 9 to 11 of the Kalpalata. 2464b (Eggeling 2922) No. 214 of the Gaikawar’s collection. off. On f. 5v is written: samvat 1694 varse $4 1559 pra asadhavadi 13 some Srigirinarayanajnati bhattasrinarayanasutanilakanthena li? //. The copying was finished, then, on Monday 10, July 1637 Julian by Nilakantha, the son of Narayana Bhatta of the Giri~ narayanajnhati. ===== стр 31 ===== 32 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND F, lr. A statement that the parameter of the lord of the year is 1;15,31,30 days. F, Ir, A table of the ramabijas equal to that in verses 23-25. F. ir. A verse: yugany arkasadvedaparnabhdicandre taducce kudikptirnavedenduvahnih / khanandendubhtnetravadagni pate guna bhadika madhyamah sauravarse /, 1,'/ F. lr, A table of yearly parameters and epoch positions. Gunakah Sabijaksepakah Lord of year 11;3,53,22,39 tithis 4:57,42,0 tithis Moon 2;12;46,40,31° 59;32,27° Lunar apogee 40;40,30,44° 3,44;31,7- Lunar node ~19;21,33,55° -21;7,33~ Ff, lv-5v. Grahajiina composed by ASsadhara in Saka 1054— A.D. 1132. 2464c (Eggeling 2923). No. 214 (!) of the Gaikawar’s collec~ tion. Ff. 1 and 3-6. On f. 6v is written: girinarayanah jnatiyah // josi érividyadhrah// putra-pautrapathanartham. It was copied, then, by the astrologer Vidyadhara of the Girinarayanajnati, pro- bably in ca, A.D, 1640. F. lv. Table 1 of the Grahajiana. F. 2. Missing. F. 3r. Table 2 of the Grahajiana. F. 3v. Table 3 of the Grahajiana. F. 4r. Table 4 of the Grahajfiana. F, 4v, Table 5 of the Grahajiiana. F. 5r. Table 6 of the Grahajfiana. F. 5v. Blank. F. <6>r. Table 7 of the Grahajitana. F, <6>v. Table 8 of the Grahajiana. 2464d (Egeling 2949), No. 215 of the Gaikawar’s collection. 7ff. Ff, lv-7v. Laghukarana composed by Bhava Sadasiva Bhatta in Saka 1520 = A.D. 1598. _ ===== стр 32 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 33 F. lv. Table of epoch longitudes and mean daily motions; the former indicate that the epoch is 26 March 1598. mean sidereal true tropical ,. longitudes longitudes differences Sun 356;27,42° 15° —19° Moon 356; 7,42 13 . =| Lunar apogee 98;33,50 Lunar node —43;3,11 —24-;48 —18 Mars 117;59,0 103 +15 Mercury’s conj. 234;1,3 (Mercury) 348 — Jupiter 62;18,50 73 —11 Venus’ conj, 159;32,5 (Venus) 55 — Saturn 153;33,0 179 —25 The mean daily motions, in minutes and seconds, are:, Sun 59,8 Mercury’s conj. 245,32 Moon 790,35 Jupiter 5,0 Lunar apogee 6,41 Venus’ conj. 96,8 Lunar node —3;11 Saturn 2,0 Mars 31,26 2464e (Eggeling 3040). No. 203 of the Gaikawar’s collection. 33ff. On f. 38r is written: samvat 1838 varse mase maghakrsnastami dine sampirnam pamdya durlabharama pathanartham 7/ The copying was finished for (and by?) Durlabharama on 26 January, 1781 Julian. Ff. 1lv-33r. Yuddhajayarvavatantra. F, 33v. Picture and diagram, 246f. (Eggeling 2880). 82ff. On f. 82r is written: samvat 1634 varse maghamase krsnapakse saptamyam tithau budhavasare érimtilasamghe sarasvatigacche balatkaragane / srikumdakumda- caryanvaye bhattarakaSrisumatikirttidevas tacchisyabrahmasamala— pathanartham érijaladurgavastavyasrihumbajiatiya uttaresvaragotre $resthaSrisaravanabharyavaijalade suta Sresthasrisaratanabharyaso- bhagade dvi° ratnade trti® suhAgade suta dhanarajabharyadhanade bhratrgada ete svajnanavaranikarmaksayartham likhapi dattam//. 5 ===== стр 33 ===== 34. SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND The copying was finished, then, on Wednesday 28 January 1578 Julian tor Brahmasamala, the pupil of Bhttaraka Sumatikirtideva of the (spiritual) lineage of Kundakundacarya in the Balatkara gana in the Sarasvatigaccha of the Mulasangha. The donors belong to the Humbajnati of the UttareSvaragotra and live in Jaladurge (Jaldrug, Raichur, Hyderabad). Ff, lv-82r. Ganitasdrasangraha composed by Mahavira in ca. A.D. 850. Indian Office 2476 (Eggeling 2954, 2955, and 2956). 62ff. Purchased 2476a (Eggeling 2954). 27ff. F. 1r. In the right-hand margin is written: juz’ awwal. F, lv Table 1 of the Makaranda for Saka 1544 to 1784=A.D. 1622 to 1862. F. 2r. Table 2 of the Makaranda for 1 to 16 years. F. 2v. Table 3 of the Makaranda for 0 to 26 paksas. Ff. 3r-4r, Table 4 of the Makaranda for 0 to 59 horizontal, and, in intervals of 6, for 0 to 54 vertical. F. 4r. Table 5 of the Makaranda for Saka 1520 to 1832=A.D. 1598 to 1910. F. 4v. Table 6 of the Makaranda for 1 to 24 years. F, 5r. Table 7 of the Makaranda for 0 to 14 sidereal months. Ff. 5v-6v. Table 8 of the Makaranda for 0 to 59 horizontal, and in intervals of 6, for 0 to 54 vertical. F, 7r. Table 9 of the Makaranda for Saka 1520 to 1836 (read 1832) =A.D, 1598 to 1910. F. 7r. Table 10 of the Makaranda for 1 to 24 years. F. 7v. Table 11 of the Makaranda for 0 to 14. Ff. 8r-8v. Table 12 of the Makaranda for 0 to 42 horizontal, and, in intervals of 6, for 0 to 54 vertical. F. 9r. Blank. F. 9v. Table 12 of the Makaranda for 43 to 59 horizontal, and, in intervals of 6, for 0 to 54 vertical. F. l0r, Table 14 of the Makaranda for 1 to 24 years. F. 10r. Table 13 of the Makaranda for Saka 1696 (read 1496) to 1688=-A.D. 1574 to 1766. F. 10v. Table 15 of the Makaranda for 1 to 12 zodiacal signs Ff. 10v-11r, Table of the lengths of daylight measured in ghatikas for 0 to 59 units of which each represents 6 of solar progress; the ===== стр 34 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 35 two places for which entries are given are Kasi (Benares) and Kanyakubja (Kanauj). The maximum lengths of daylight are respectively for these places 34;5 and 34;18 when the Sun’s longi- tude is 90°, the minimum lengths 25:55 and 25:22 (read 25:42) when it is 270°. F, llr. Table 16 of the Makaranda for 1 to 27 naksatras, F. llv. Blank. Ff, 12r-12v. Table 17 of the Makaranda in three parts: part 1 is for Saka 1400 to 1742-—=A.D. 1478 to 1820: part 2 is for 1 to 57 years; and part 3 is for 1 to 25 paksas. Ff, 12v-13r. Table 18 of'the Makaranda. Ff. 13r-13v. Table 19 of the Makaranda. Ff. 13v-14r. Table 20 of the Makaranda. : Ff. 14r-14v. Table 21 of the Makaranda. Ff. 14v.-15r. Table 22 of the Makaranda. Ff. 15r-15v. Table 23 of the Makaranda. Ff, 15v-16r. Table 24 of the Makaranda. Ff. 16r-16v. Table 25 of the Makaranda. Ff, 16v-17r. Table 26 of the Makaranda. Above tables 19 to 25 are listed the apogees and nodes of the planets, and their deSantaras for Kasi: Apogee Node DeSantara Moon —_ — ~0;10,32° Lunar apogee _ — -0;0,5 Mars _— —_— ~0;0,24 Mercury 220;27,45° 20;41° ~0;3,16 Jupiter 171;20,52 79:40 ~0;0,5 Venus 79;51,23 49;41 ~0;1,16 Saturn 266;37,34 100;21 ~0;0,2 (read 236;37,34) Ff. 17r-17v. Table 27 of the Makaranda. The solar apogee is placed. at 77;17,6°. F. 18r. Table 28 of the Makaranda. F, 18v. Skeleton of a table; not filled in. Ff. 19r-20r. Table 29 of the Makaranda, The apogee of Mars is placed at Leo 10;2,27°, ===== стр 35 ===== 36 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Ff. 20v-21v. Table 30 of the Makaranda. The apogee of Mercury is placed at Scorpio 10;27,57°. Ff, 22r-23r. Table 31 of the Makaranda. The apogee of Jupiter is placed at Virgo 21;21,6°, the node at 79;40,23°. Ff, 23v-24v. Table 32 of the Makaranda. The apogee of Venus is placed at 79;51,33°, the node at 49;40,57°. Ff. 25r-26r. Table 33 of the Makaranda. The apogee of Saturn is placed at 236; 37, 54°. F. 26v. Table of the Sara (latitude) for an argument of 1 to 30 units of 6° (the bhujamSa); cf. table 4 of the Karantakesari (SATIUS, pp. 70b-72b). 1 9;24 11 82;13 21 72;59 2 18;43 12 85;36 22 66;53 3 27;49 13 88;2 23 60;13 4 36;36 14 89;30 24 52;54 5 45;0 15 90;0 25 45;0 6 52;54 16 99;30 (read 89:30) 26 36;36 q 60;13 17 88;2 27 27;54 8 66;53 18 85;36 28 18;43 9 72;59 19 82313 29 9;24 10 TT57T 20 77,57 30 0;0 F. 26v. Table 51 of the Makaranda. F. 26v. Table of unknown purport; the entries are stated to be in digits, and above the table are instructions for finding the parallax (avanati) : 1 2325 5 6;30 9 11;16 2 2;50 6 8:8 10 12;28 3 4;10 7 9;13 11 13:6 4 5;12 8 10;5 12 14:5 F. 26v. Table of half-durations of eclipses similar to table 47 of the Makaranda; the entries are stated to be in ghatis: 1 0;40 5 2:16 9 2.41 2 1;36 6 2325 10 2;42 3 1;59 7 2332 ll 2345 4 2;4 8 2:37 12 2;48 ===== стр 36 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 37 F. 27%r. Table 48 of the Makaranda. F. 27r. Table 50 of the Makaranda; the explanation in SATIUS is wrong. There are four columns: the first gives the number of the zodiacal sign; the second the diameter of the disc of the Sun in digits (stryabimba); the third an entity called the patabimba or diameter of the disc of the node (?); and the fourth the daily progress of the Sun. rasitulya stryabimba patabimba bhukti 1 10;46 0;22 0;58,45 2 10;35 0;31 0;57,46 3 10;27 0;37 0;56,57 4 10;26 0;37 0;56,57 5 10;33 0;31 0;57,38 6 10;44 0;22 0;58,34 7 10;57 0;14 0;59,12 8 11;8 0;5 1;0,53 9 11;14 0;1 131,28 10 11:15 0:0 151,22 11 11;8 0;5 1;0,15 12 10;58 0:53 (read 0;18) 0;59,18 F, 2%r. Table of horizontal parallax measured in ghatis. The argument is, in units of 6°, the distance between the nonagesimal and the Sun: 1=29 0;24,25 6—24 2;18,19 11—19 3;38,7 2-28 0;48,32 7-23 2;37,26 12=18 3;47,34 3-227 1;12,12 8—22 2;55,53 138=17 3354,36 4-26 1;35,13 9-21 2;12,7 (read 3;12,7)15—16 3;58,36 525 1;58,20 10-20 3;26,15 1515 4;0,0 F, 27v. Table of the declination of the nonagesimal (tribhonakranti) for 0° to 90°. This is a straightforward declination table; the entry for an argument of 90° is 24°. 2476b (Eggeling 2955). 24ff. F. lr. In the left-hand margin; juz’ jiharam. ===== стр 37 ===== 38 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Ff. 1v-24r. Makarandesyoddhrti composed by Visvanatha in Saka 1544--A.D. 1622. 2476c (Eggeling 2956). 11ff. F. Ir, In the left-hand margin: juz’ tangqim. Ff. lv-11r. Makarandavivarana composed by Divakara in ca. 1650. India Office 2529. Five manuscripts bound together. Presented by the Gaikawar on 29 September, 1809. . 2529a (Eggeling 2925). No. 200 of the Gaikawar’s collection. 8ff. On f. 8v is written: samvat 1765 varse margasirsavadi 12 Sanau vasare svagurucaranambujarenuvatga® tatvahamsasvavamcanaya samagurupraSadena lipikrtam atmartham ‘’. The copying was finished, then, on Saturday, 27 November, 1708 Julian. Ff. Ir-8v. Karanakutiihala composed by Bhaskara in Saka 1105 —A.D. 1183, F. lr. Table of ksepakas equivalent to those used in the Brahma- tulyasadrini (see SATIUS, pp. 36a-37a). 2529b (Eggeling 2960). No. 221 of the Gaikawar’s collection. 6ff. On f. 6v is written: samvat 1783 varse Sake 1648 pra°® marga- Sirgavadi 8 seme (read saumye) bhataSri 5 prabhuji (suta in marg.) morarajikena listam ‘’. The copying was finished, then, on Wednesday 7, December 1726 Julian by Morarajika, the son of Prabhuji Bhata . Ff. 1lv-6v. Paficainigavidyadhari composed by Vidyadhara in Saka 1565--A.D. 1643. 2529c (Eggeling 3061). No. 216 of the Gaikawar’s collection. 6ff. Ff. lv-6v. Manitthatajika. 2529d (Eggeling 2768). No. 246 of the Gaikawar’s collection. 27f. On f. 2%7v is written: svasti Srimannrpavikramarkasamayati samvat 1678 varse margaSirsavadi 7 saptamyam tithau ravidine si-rtg'i!'?7 prahmasiddhantapustaka likhita //. The copying was finished then, on Sunday, 25 November, 1621 Julian. Ff. lv-27v. Brahmasphutasiddhanta (including chapter 25) com- posed by Brahmagupta in Saka 550:-A.D. 628. 2529e (Eggeling 2962). No. 217 of the Gaikawar’s collection. The manuscript consists of two parts, each written by its own ===== стр 38 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 39 scribe: A 8ff., which Eggeling believes to have been written by Moraraji, the son of Prabhuji; and B ff. 8-10, 10bis-13, 15, 14, and 16-22. On B f. 22r is written: li bhata prabhuji jivara ni prati che // bhata nanu ni pratya upare Aprati lasi che //. It was copied, then, by Prabhuji Bhata in ca, A.D. 1730 and belonged first to his son Jivaraja and then to one Nanu Bhata. A ff. 1r-8v. Tithikalpadruma of Kalyana (incomplete; it ends in the middle of verse 52). F. 4r. Table of the rajas of the signs. This is table 5 of the Anonymous of 1594 (see SATIUS, pp. 54a-55a), table 8 of the Paficihgavidyddhari. B f. 8r. Tables 1 and 2 (of the Tithikalpadruma). F. 8v. Tables 3 and 4 (of the Tithikalpadruma). Ff. 9r-9v. Table 5 of the Tithikalpadruma, F, 10r. Blank, F, 10v. Tables 6 to 9 (of the Tithikalpadruma). Ff, 10bis r-10bis v. Table 10 of the Tithikalpadruma. F, llr, Table 11 of the Tithikalpadruma. F, llv. Table 12 of the Tithikalpadruma. F. 12r. Table 13 of the Tithikalpadruma. F. 12v. Table 14 of the Tithikalpadruma. F, 13r. Table 15 of the Tithikalpadruma. F. 13v. Table 16 of the Tithikalpadruma. F, 15r. Table 19 of the Tithikalpadruma. F. 15v. Table 20 of the Tithikalpadruma. F. 14r. Table 17 of the Tithikalpadrwma. F, 14v. Table 18 of the Tithikalpadruma. Ff. 16r-17v. Table 21 of the Tithikalpadruma. Ff. 18r-19v. Table 22 of the Tithikalpadruma. Ff. 20r-21v. Table 23 of the Tithikalpadruma. F. 22r. Tables 24 and 25 of the Tithikalpadruma. F. 22v. A magic square: 1 3110! 27°77 mel 3: 7° 6) 'g! 4! 81 1! 4) 6° 51 8s India Office 2541. Five manuscripts bound together. Presented by the Gaikawar on 29 September, 1809. ===== стр 39 ===== 40 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 254la (Eggeling 2929). No. 263 of the Gaikawar’s collection. 3off. On £. 35v is written: samvat 1730 varse ake 1595 pravartamane uttarayane posamase krgnapakse 5 tithau bhrgujavasare likhitam Sripattane pamditottamasri 5 Jlavanyarattajisisyakusalasagarena likhitam ;;. The copying was finished, then, on Friday 16, January 1674 Julian at Pattana (Patana, Gujarat) by KuSalasagara, the pupil at Lavanyaratnaji. Ff. lv-35v. Udaharava to the Brahmatulya composed in about Sam. 1598/9, Saka 1463/4-..A.D, 1541/2 for Raya Rayasimha, who was born, according to f. lv, on: samvat 15 asadhadi 78 varse Sake 1443 pravarttamane margasirsavadi 9 Sukre—Friday 22 November 1521 (?) Julian, Raya Rayasimha may be the Rathoda prince who ruled Bikaner from A.D. 1573 to 1612, 2541b (Eggeling 3058), No. 270 of the Gaikawar’s collection. 20ff. Ff. 1v-20v. Pravesaprakarana in 417 verses from the Tajikasara composed by Haribhatta, 2541lc (Eggeling 3059). No. 264 of the Gaikawar’s collection. 20ff. Ff. 1lv-20v. Karikd, a tika on Haribhatta’s Tajikasara, composed by Sumatiharsa in Sam. 1677=A.D. 1620. 2541d (Eggeling 3099). No. 266 of the Gaikawar’s collection. 17ff. Ff. lv-li7v. Lagnacandrikaé composed by Kasinatha, 254le (Eggeling 2948). No. —of the Gaikawar’s collection. 2ff. Ff. Ir-2v. Candrarkitippana composed by Dinakara in ca. 1578. India Office 2631 (Eggeling 2973). 84ff. On f. 84r. is written: éake 1704 samvat 1839 pausamase Suklapakse purnima 4ani- vasare dvivedi valabhadrena pralekhi patradipakam, The copying, then, was finished on Saturday 7 January 1783 Julian by Bala~ bhadra Dvivedin, whom Eggeling wrongly assumes to be the author. The manuscript was received from Col. Mackenzie on 14 September, 1825; it then bore the number 82. F. lv. Pottraprakésa composed by Visramasukla in Sam. 1834 . A.D, 1777. ===== стр 40 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 41 F, iv. Tables 1 to 3 of the Pattraprakdsa, Ff, 2r-4r. Table 4 of the Puttraprakdsa, F, 4v. Tables 5 to 7 of the Pattraprakasa. ; Ff. 5r-7r. Table 8 of the Puttraprakdsa. F, 7v. Tables 9 to 11 of the PattraprakéSa, Ff, 8r-10r. Table 12 of the Pattraprakésa. Ff, 10v-llv. Explanatory text, F. 10v. Tables 13 to 16 of the Pattraprakdsa, F, llr. Table 17 of the Pattraprakasa. , F, 12r. Table 18 of the Puttraprakasa. Fi. 12r-12v. Table 19 oi the Pattraprakasa. F. 13r. Table 20 of the Pattraprakasa. I’, 18v. Table 21 of the Pattraprakasa. Ff, 14r-25v. Table 22 of the Pattraprakdsa. Ff, 26r-37v. Table 23 of the Pattraprakasa. Ff. 38r--49v. Table 24 of the Pattraprakdésa. Ff, 50r-6lv. Table 25 of the Pattraprakasa. Ff, 62r-73v. Table 26 of the Puttraprakdsa. Ff, 74r-74v. Table 27 of the Pattraprakdsa. ¥, 74v. Table 28 of the Pattraprakasa. Fi. 75r-80v. Table 29 of the Pattraprakdsa. Ff, 81r-81v. Table 30 of the PattraprakaSa, Ff. 82r-82v. Table 31 of the Pattraprakdésa. Ff. 83r-84r. Table 32 0: the Pattraprakdsa. P. 84v. Blank. India Office 2648 (Ezggeling 2947). No. 209 of the Gaikawar’s collection. A manuscript in four sections: A ff. 1-3; B f. 1; C ff. 1-12; D ff. 1-75. On A f. 3v in the upper margin is written: samvat 1683 varse ake 1559 (read 1549) pravarttam&ne caitravadi astami Sukre likhitam bhattaSrinadrayanasutanilakamthena. The copying was finished, then, on Friday 7 April 1626 Julian by Nila- kantha, the son of Narayana Bhatta . Presented by the Gaikawar on 29 September 1809. A ff, lr-3v. Khetasiddhi composed by Dinakara in 37 verses in Saka 1500A.D, 1578. B. f. lr. Table 1 (of the Khetasiddhi). F. lv. Tables 2 and 3 (of the Khetasiddhi). C. t. lr. Tables 4 and 5 of the Khetasiddhi, 4 : ===== стр 41 ===== 42 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND F, lv. Tables 6 and 7 of the Khetasiddhi. F. 2r. Tables 8 and 9 of the Khetasiddhi, F. 2v. Tables 10 and 11 of the Khetasiddhi. F. 8r. Tables 12 and 13 of the Khetasiddhi. F, 3v. Table 14 of the Khetasiddhi. F. 3v. Tables 15 and 16 (of the Khetasiddhi). F. 4r. Tables 17 and 18 (of the Khetasiddhi). F. 4v. Tables 19 and 29 (of the Khetasiddhi). F, 5r. Tables 21 and 22 of the Khetasiddhi. F. 5v. Tables 23 and 24 of the Khetasiddhi. F. 6r. Tables 25 and 26 of the Khetasiddhi, F. 6v. Tables 27 and 28 of the Khetasiddhi. ¥F. 7r. Tables 29 to 32 of the Khetasiddhi. F. 7v. Tables 33 to 36 of the Khetasiddhi. F. 8r. Tables 37 to 39 of the Khetasiddhi. F. 8v. Tables 40 and 41 of the Khetasiddhi. F. 9r. Table 42 of the Khetasiddhi. F. 9v. Tables 43 and 44 of the Khetasiddhi. Ff. 10r-10v. Table 45 of the Khetasiddhi. Ff. 10v-l2r. Table 46 of the Khetasiddhi. F. 12v. Tables 47 to 49 (of the Khetasiddhi). D ff. 1Ir-15v. Table 50 of the Khetasiddhi. Ff. 16r-30v. Table 51 of the Khetasiddhi. FY. 31r-45v. Table 52 of the Khetasiddhi. Ff. 46r-60v. Table 53 of the Khetasiddhi. ; FE. 61r-75v. Table 54 of the Khetasiddhi. India Office 2730 (Eggeling 2944). 8ff. On f. 6v. is written: Sake 1729 prabhavavarse bhadrzpadavidya!rtiyayam Sanau taddine vijaya- purasthatammuncdaiva jAaprapau'raramajyotirvitputrapanduran— gena likhitam. The copying was finished, then, on Saturday 7 September 1807 Julian by Panduranga, the son of Rama Jyotirvid and the great grandson of Tammana Daivajfia, a resident of Vijayapura (Bijapur). Received from Col, Mackenzie on 3 December 1833. Ff. lv-6v. Ramavinoda composed by Ramacandra in Saka 1512. - AD. 1590. Ff. Tr-8r, Tables of rising-times in palas of the 12 zodiacal signs at Ujjananagara (Ujjain; its noon equinoctial shadow is given as ===== стр 42 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 43 4:0; its carakhandas as 40 for 10, 32 for 20, and 130 (read 13) for 30; and its longitudinal difference as -+ 200); at Vijayapura (Bijapur: its noon equinoctial shadow is given as 3;45; its cara- khandas as 37 for 10, 30 for 20, and 10 for 30); at Bamkapura at Daulatabadanagara (Daulatabad: its noon equinoctial shadow is given as 4;20; its carakhaniss as 43 for 10, 34 for 20, and 140 (read 14 for 30); and at Burhanapur (Burhanpur: its noon equi~ noctial shadow is given as 4;30). Ujjana- Vijaya- Bamka- Daulaté- Burana- nagara pura pura bada pura Aries Pisces 238 241 242 235 233 Taurus Aquarius 267 269 270 264 263 Gemini Capricorn 310 311 321 (312) 309 308 Cancer Sagittarius 336 335 335 (334) 337 338 Leo Scorpio 331 329 329 (328) 336 (334) 335 Virgo Libra 318 315 315 (314) 321 330 (323) 1800 1800 1812 (1800) 1802 (1800) 1807 (1800) F. 8r. A brief text on the prime meridian: atha bharekha // lankatah farasiryayojanagata kanyatha kanti radaih svami khastamitair nakhais tu sagaro mallarir aksendubhih / paryalp<4>stabhir ubha(tta)ratra daSabhih syad vatsagulmam puram khéksair ujjayanipuram dagakubhi tasmat kuruksetrakam // tasman merur yojanais tatvanagair evam bhimer madhyarekha nirukta // bhivyasayojanani 1385, The distances from Lanka are: 125;32 yojanas to Kanti (--Kafici? Conijeevaram); 80:20 yojanas to Svami Sagara (?); 15:8 yojanas ~ to Mallari (Mallar, Bilaspur, C. P. ?); 10 yojanas to Vatsagulma (Basim, Akola, Rerar); 59 vyvojanas to Ujjavani (Ujjain): 110 yvojanas to Kuruksetra; and 725 voianas to Meru. A quadrant, then, is 1116 yojanas, and the earth’s circumference 4494 yojanas. This is too high if the diameter of the earth is 1385 yoipnas. ===== стр 43 ===== 44 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND F, 8v. Blank. India Office 3653c (Keith 6323). 46ff. S&arad& script. This manuscript is very badly damaged. Ff. 1r-2r. Table 1 of the for 112° to 180°. Ff, 2r-4v. Table 2 of the for 1° to 180°. Fi. 4v-7r. Table 3 of the Khandakhidyakasarini> for 1° to 90°. Ff. 7r-10r. Table 4 of the for 1° to 180°. Ff. 10r—-13r. Table 5 of the for 1° to 180”, Ff, 13r-14r. Table 6 of the for 1° to 90°. Ff. 14v-17v. Table 7 of the for 1 to 365 days. Ff. 17v-42v. Table 8 of the for 1 to 3031 days. Ff, 42v-48v. Table 9 of the for 1° to 90°. Ff. 43v-45r. Table 10 of the for 1° to 90°. Ff. 45r-45v. Table 11 of the for 1° to 90°. Ff 45v-46r, Table 12 of the for 1° to 90°. India Office Burnell 287 -288 (Keith 6303). 116 and 133 pp. Grantha script. Copied after 1861. 287. Pp, 1-8, Text. Pp. 9-12. Table 1 of the . Pp. 12-16. Table 2 of the . Pp. 17-20. Table 3 to the . Pp. 21-24. Table 4 of the . Pp. 25-28. Table 5 of the . Pp, 29-32. Table 6 of the . Pp. 33-36. Table 7 of the . Pp. 37-40, Table 8 of the . Pp, 41-44, Table 9 of the . Pp. 45-48. Table 10 of the . Pp. 49-52. Table 11 of the . Pp. 53-56. Table 12 of the . Pp. 57-58 Table 13 of the , ===== стр 44 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS : 45 Pp. 59-60. Table 14 of the . — Pp. 61-63, Text. P, 64, Blank. Pp. 65-68. Table 15 of the . Pp. 101-102. Table 24 of the . Pp. 103-104. Table 25 of the . Pp. 105-106. Table 26 of the . Pp. 107-108. Table 27 of the . Pp. 109-112. Table 28 of the . Pp. 69-72. Table 16 of the . Pp. 73-76. Table 17 of the . Pp. 77-80. Table 18 of the . Pp. 81-84. Table 19 of the . Pp. 85-88. Table 20 of the . Pp. 89-92. Table 21 of the . Pp. 93-96. Table 22 of the . Pp. 97-100. Table 23 of the . Pp, 113-116. Blank. 288. Pp 1-133. Text. India Ottice Mackenzie II 48. Four manuscripts bound together. Received from Col, Mackenzie on 11 September 1825. II 48a (Keith 6408). 6ff. Ff. 1-6. Jatakapaddhati composed by KeSava in ca. A.D. 1500 with the commentary composed by Visvanatha in Saka 1540=A.D. 1618. II 48b (Keith 6446). Ff. 553-557. F£. 553-557. Samarasdra composed by Ramacandra in ca. A.D, 1450 with the commentary composed by Bharata in ca. A.D. 1450. II 48c (Keith 6296). 25ff. Ff, 1-25. Makarandasyodaharana composed by Visvanatha in Saka 1544 = A.D. 1622. II 48d (Keith 6446). 9ff. , Ff. 1-9. Samarasaratikad composed by Bharata in ca. AD. 1450. © Oxford Chandra Shumshere c. 319. Two manuscripts bound together. ===== стр 45 ===== 46 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND CS c. 319a (3301). 48ff. Ff, 1-48. Nilakanthitdjakatika composed by Visvanatha in Saka 1551=-A.D. 1629. Incomplete. CS c. 319b (3347). A manuscript in 3 parts: A 3ff.; B 22ff.; and C 1f. On A f. 3r is written: ake 1560 bahudhanyanamasamva- chare mahamangalypradamaghamase yadi Suklapakse dvadasi ghati 10 pale 25 punarvasunaksatra gha 15 dyusmayoga ghatika 10 pale 35 balavakarana ghatika 10 pa 25 karkasthite candre kumbhasthi surye vrscikasthite devaguru krbhattasya sutena mahodeva-- bhatta Atiti janardanasapena likhyate. The copying of A, then, was finished by Janardana, the son of Krsnabhatta and a devotee (7?) of Mahadeva, on 5 February 1639 Julian. On B f, 22v is written: gake 1560 bahudhanyandmasamvatsare udagayane Sisiratau mahamangalyapradamaghamase Suklapakse paficamj ghati 19 pala 45 naksatrarevati minasthite candre sthite strye vrscikasthite deru bhomavasare krsnabhattasya sutena mahadevabhatta adati gavatidasa janardena bhatena na likhyate. The copying of B, then, was finished by Bhgavatidasa Janardana Bhatta, the son of Krsnabhatta and a devotee (?) of Mahadeva, on Tuesday 29 January 1639 Julian. On C f. 1v is written: Saka 1560 bahudhanvanamasamvachare udagayane Sisi- ratau mahamafigalyapradamia < gha>mase yadi Suklapakse dvadasi naksatrapunarvasu karkasthite candre kumbhasthite strye vrSci- kasthite devaguru krsnabhatasya sutena mahadevabhatta amdavi bhagavatidasena likhyate. The covying of C, then, was finished by Bhagavatidasa , the son of Krsnabhatta and a devotee (?) of Mahadeva, on 5 February 1639 Julian, as was also that of A. OnC f. Iv in the bottom margin is a note of ownership: idam pustam jyotirvit bhaskarasya. A f. Ir. Text in 9 verses on puspamala. : Ff. 1v-3r. Sighrasiddhi composed by Laksmidhara in Saka 1200 -- A.D. 1278. B ff. Ir-lv. Table 1 of the Sighrasiddhi. Ff, 2r-2v. Table 4 of the Sighrasiddhi. Ff. 3r-7v. Table 7 of the Sighrasiddhi. Ff. 8r-8v. Table 2 of the Sighrasiddhi. Ff. 9r-9v. Table 5 of the Sighrasiddhi. ===== стр 46 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 47, Ff. 10r—-14v. Table 8 of the Sighrasiddhi. Ff, 15r-15v. Table 3 of the Sighrasiddhi. Ff, 16r-16v. Table 6 of the Sighrasiddhi. Ff. 17r-21v. Table 9 of the Sighrasiddhi. F. 22r. Table 11 of the Sighrasiddhi. F, 22v, Table 12 of the Sighrasiddhi. F. 22y. Table 14 (of the Sighrasiddhi). C ff, lr-1v. Addition by Janardana to the Sighrasiddhi of Laksmi- dhara; in 12 verses. The epoch is Saka 1550 (read 1540)==A.D. 1618; cf. table 14 (of the Sighrasiddhi). Oxford Chandra Shumshere d, 774. Eight manuscripts bound together. CS d. 774a (3158). 3ff. On f. 3v is written: li ramaji vyasami maghavadi 14 sam 1874. The copying was completed, then, on 22 February 1818 Julian by Ramaji Vyasami. Ff. 1-3. Sukajitaka, CS d. 774b (3165). 29ff. On f. 29v is written: svasti Srimannrpavikramarkarajyasamayat samvat 1840 varse srimachali- vahanakratyasake 1705 pravarttamane uttarayanagate érisirye mahamangalyaprade masottamamase Subhakari asadhamase Sukla— pakse 13 tryodasi tithau mandavasare likhitamm idam tajika~ bhisanam patagame madhavadavastavam visanagarajhatiyapamdya jivanakasya putra prabhuramena likhitamm idam atmapatha-— nartham. The copying was finished, then, on Saturday 1 July 1783 Julian at Patagama (Patan, Baroda?) by Prabhurama, the son of Jivanaka, of the Viganagarajfiati residing at Madhavada (Madhav- pur, Kathiawar, W.L). Ff. 1-29. Tajikabhiisana composed by Gane§a in ca. A.D. 1620. CS d. 774c (3166). 26ff. On f. 26v is written: SriSake 1714 (read 1718) Srisamvat 1853 miti jethasudi terodagivasare kasyam ériharsa— devajyotirvidam pustakam likhitam. The copying was finished, then, on 7 May 1796 Julian at Kasi (Benares) by Harsadeva. Ff. 1-26. Yantracintimani composed by Cakradhara with the Yantracintémanitika composed by Rama in Saka 1547=-A.D. 1625. ===== стр 47 ===== 48 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND CS d. 774d (3167). 26ff. On f. 26v is written: sake 1554 vrsasamvatsare (A.D. 1632 was a vrsasamvatsara) ... samvat 1791 viharamaduveki pustaki, Did the manuscript belong tu Vihara~ maduveka in A.D. 1734? | Ff. 1-26. Balabodha compused by Munjaditya, Cs d. 774e (3168), 57ff. On f. S57v is written: margasirse pramodabde bhutayam budhavasare lilekha thakuro naméhyat- prabhrtyo dvijanugah sam 1856 nandikisorayugalakisorakrsaa- kiSoranadm pathanartham. The copying was finished, then, on Wednesday 7 December (?) 1799 Julian by Thakura for Nandi Kisora, Yugala Kisora, and Krsna Kisora, Ff, 1-57, Muhurtakalpadruma composed by Vitthala Diksita in Saka 1548—A.D. 1626. CS d. 774f. (3169). 25ff. On f, 25v is written: Srisamvat 1891 pausakrsnah amavasya bhaumavasare. The copying was finished, then, on Tuesday 15 January 1835 Julian, Ff. 1 25. Grahaldghava composed by Ganesa in Saka 1442.- A.D. 1520. CS d. 774g (3170). FY. 1-8, 10--14, 9, and 2bis. F, lv. Table 1 of the Grahalaghavasarini 1; the dhruvankas are 1 to 34. F. 2r. Table 2 of the Grahaldghavasariui I; the dhruvankas are 1 to 31, F. 2v. Table 3 of the Grahaldghavasdrini I; the dhruvankas are 1 to 30. F, 3r. Table 4 of the Grahaldghavasarini 1; the dhruvankas are 1 to 30, F. 3v. Table 5 of the Grahalaghavasdrini 1; the dhruvankas are 1 to 31. F. 4r. Table 6 of the Grahaldghavasdrini I; the dhruvankas are 1 to 30. F, 4v. Table 7 of the Grahalaghavasdrini 1; the dhruvankas are 1 to 31. F. Sr. Table 8 of the Grahalaghavasdrani 1, the dhruvankas are 1 to 31, F. 5v. Table 9 of the Grahaldéghavas@rini 1; the dhruvankas are 1 to 30, ===== стр 48 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 49 F. 6r. Table of the mean motion of the lunar apogee according to the Brahmapaksa, set up as are tables 1 to 9; the dhruvankas are 1 to 32, The motion for 4,000 days is 2° 25;26,28,14", which implies a mean daily motion of 0;6,40,53,48, ...° F. 6v. Table of the mean motiun of the Sun for 1 to 52 avadhis according to the Saurapaksa. ‘Lhe motion for 51 avadhis is 115 21;51,37,12°, which implies a mean daily motion of 0;58,8,10,17, ...°. F. 6v. Table of the mean motion of the lunar anomaly for 1 to 10 years, The motion in 1 year is 1,32;14,4,1°, Ff. Tx-Tv, Table 10 of the Grahalighavasirim Lo Ff. 7v-8r. Table 11 of the Grahalighavasarini lL | Ff, 8v-9r. Table 17 of the Grahaldghavasarini 1. F. 9v. Table 12 of the Grahalaghavasarim I. Ff. 9v-10v. Table 18 ot the Grahalaghavasarini 1. F, 10v. Table 13 of the Grahalaghavasarini I, , Ff, llr-llv. Table 19 of the Grahaléghavasarin I. Ff, llv-12r. Table 14 of the Grahalighavasdrint LL. © Ff, 2r-18r. Table 20 of the Grahalaghavasarini I, Ff, 18r-13v. Table 15 of the Grahalighavasarini I, ; Ff, 13v-l4r. Table 21 of the Grahalighavasarini I. F. 14v. Table 16 of the Grahalaghavasarini 1. —— F, 2bis r. Table 2 of the Grahalaghavasarini 1 F, 2bis v. Table 3 of the Grahalighavasarimi L - CS d. 774h (3178). 55ff. Ff, 1-55. Pavicdiigapati. Oxford Chandra Shumshere d. 776. Ten manuscripts bound together. CS d, 776a (3211), 216. Ff, 1-21. Paficasvara composed by Prajipatidasa with the vrtti written by Appa Diksta (see Appaya Diksita in CESS A I ). CS d. 776b (3213). 13ff. On f. 18v. is written: samvat 1919. This is A.D. 1862/3, F. 1-13. Pajficasvarinirnaya composed by Prajapatidasa. CS d. 776c (3212). 5ff. On f, 5v is written: samvat 1903 caitragukla 14, Sana 1253. This is 28 March 1846 Julian, 7 ===== стр 49 ===== 50 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Ff. 1-5. Gaurijataka, CS d. 776d. (3214). 7ff. Ff, 1-7. Kesavitajaka composed by KeSava in ca. A.D. 1500 with the tika composed by Visvanatha in ca, A.D, 1630 through the mitramitradhyaya. CS d. 776e. (3215). 30if. On £. 30v is written: sam 1733 sravanasukla 3 budhe likhitam idam jyotirviccintamanina ;;. The copying was finished, then, by Cintamani on Wednesday 2 August 1676 Julian. Ff, 1-30. Kesavijdtakatika composed by Keéinatha, CS d. 776f. (3216). 37ff. On f. 37v is written: samvat 1873 masotme mase pause mase krsne pakse tithau 3 tadine pusta likhyatam. The copying was finished, then, on 25 December 1816 Julian. Ff, 1-37. Lagnacandrika composed by Kasinatha. CS d. 776g. (3217). 4ff. On f£. 4v is written: samvat 1760 varse asadhavadi 8 gurau. The cupying was finished, then, on Thursday 24 June 1703 Julien, Ff, 1v-4v. Ramavinoda composed by Ramacandra in Saka 1512 = A.D, 1590. F, 3r. Table 1 of the Ramavinoda. F. 4r. Table 2 of the Ramavinoda. CS d, 776h. (3218). 22¢f. ; Ff, 1-22. Grahalighava composed by Ganega in Saka 1442=A.D. 1520. CS d. 776i (8219). 7ff. Ff. 1-7. Hillaja with a tika. CS d. 776j (3220). 57ff. Ff. 1-57. Golédhydya of Bhaskara’s Siddhdntasiromani with his own Vasanabhasya, both composed in ca. A.D. 1150. Incomplete. Oxford Chandra Shumshere f. 51, Two manuscripts bound together. CS f. 5la (3281), 8ff. ===== стр 50 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 51 Ff. lr-2v. Pancdngdnayanasdrani in 17 verses. F. 3r. Tables 1 to 8.of the Pafticdiiginayanasaran. F. 3v. Table 9 of the Panca@iginayanasérani. F. 4r. Table 10 of the Pancdiginayanasdrant. F. 4v. Table 11 of the Patca&nhg ina yanasdrani. F., 5r. Table 12 of the Peficdig tnayanasarani. F. 5v. Table 13 of the Paticangine yanasdra:ti. F. 6r. Tables 14 to 16 of the Pcicéiginayanasarani. F. 6v. Tables 17 to 20 of the Puriranginayanasarani. Ff. 7r-7v. Table 21 of the Paficdininayanasdrani. F. 8r. Table 22 of the Paticanginayanasérani, F, &v. Blank. CS f. 51b (——). Ff. 1-10 and 1f. Ff. 1-11. Rasicakra. Oxford Chandra Shumshere f, 53 (3070). 3ff. On f. 3v is written: samvat 1900: A.D. 1843/44. Ff. Ir-3v. The Grahanamalasarani, a list of solar and lunar eclipses from Saka 1765 to 1831=A.D. 1843 to 1909. The information vrovided for each is: Saka year, month, tithi, week-day, half dura— tion, first contact, last contact, directions of deflection, and body iNuminated, For example, the first three entries and their Oppolzer numbers are: (1) ria 1765 margasirsa 15 budhe / sthi 2;29 spa 56;7 (read 46:7) ma 51;55 yamya cam. This is the lunar eclipse (Oppolzer 4720) of 7 December 1843 Gregorian (Wednesday 6 December aceording to sunrise epoch), whose half duration was 51 minutes= 2:730 ghatikas. (2) $a 1765 pausi 30 gurau sthi 2:57 spa 7:44 mo 13:38 yamyaara siryyaparva. This is a solar eclipse that does not appear in Opr-olzer’s canon. The date is Thursday 18 January 1844 Gregorian. (3) Sake 1766 jyesti 15 Sani sthi 4;26 spa 56;56 mo 62;48 saumyaga cam pa. This is the lunar eclipse (Oppolzer 4721) of 31 May 1844 Gregorian (Saturday 1 June according to sunrise epoch), whose half duration was 107 minutes--4;27.30 ghatikas. Oxford Chandra Shumshere g. 17. Ff, 1-58, 60, 59, and 61-118. ===== стр 51 ===== 52 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Ff. jr-Iv. A part of the Raémavinoda composed by Ramacandra in Saka 1512—-A.D. 1590, beginning at I 2; the colophon calls it Ramavinodavivarana, F. 1v. Table 2 of the Ramavinoda. ¥. 2r. The end of table 8 of the Makaranda for 54 to 59 horizontal, and, in intervals of 6, for 0 to 54 vertical. F. 2r. Table 9 of the Makaranda for Saka 1568 to 1664—A.D. 1646 to 1742. F. 2r Table 10 of the Makaranda for 1 to 24 years, F. 2v, Table 11 of the Makaranda for 0 to 14. Ff. 2v-4r. Table 12 of the Makaranda for 0 to 59 horizontal, and, in intervals of 6, for 0 to 54 vertical. F. 4v Table 13 of the Makaranda for Saka 1544 to 1712=A.D., 1622 to 1790. F. 4v. Table 14 of the Makaranda for 1 to 24 years. F. 4v. Table 15 of the Makaranda for 1 to 12 zodiacal signs, ~ ¥. 5r. Table 16 of the Makaranda for 1 to 27 naksatras. Ff, 5r-5v. Table of the length of daylight for 1 to 52 weeks. The maximum length of davlight is 34;1 ghatikds at week 12, the minimum 25:57 at week 38. F. 5v. Table of the sum of the half equation of daylight and of the equation of time (traikyaghati) for 1 to 52 weeks. The maximum is -L.1:59 at week 11, the minimum — 2;15 at week 42. Ff. 6r-6v. Table 17 of the Makaranda in two parts: part 1 is for Saka 1514 to 1742.-A.D. 1592 to 1820 (a later hand has added on f, 5v the entries for Saka 1400 and 1457--A.D. 1478 and 1535); and part 2 is for 1 to 57 years. Ff. 7r-Tv. Table 18 of the Makaranda. Ff, 8r-8v. Table 19 of the Makaranda. Ff. 9r-9v. Table 20 of the Makaranda. Ff. 10r-10v. Table 21 of the Makaranda. In the tables of true longitudes of the planets each set contains 0 to 59 tables, of which each is for 1 to 52 weeks; cf. tables 22 to 26 of the PattraprakiSa. The mean longitude of Mars, then, increases by 6° from table to table. True longitudes and daily progresses are given; the Greek-letter phenomena are noted in the margin for Mars only. These are probably the true longitude tables of the Ramavinoda. ===== стр 52 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 53 Ff. 11r-29v. True longitude tables of Mars for N=3 to 59. FF, 30r-49v. True longitude tables of Mercury for N=0 to 59. Ff. 50r-69v. True longitude tables of Jupiter for N=0 to 59. Ff, 70r-80v. True longitude tables of Venus for N=0 to 59. FF, 90r-108v. True longitude tables of Saturn for N=0 to 59. Ff, 109r-109v. Geographical table listing localities and the lengths in digits of their noon equinoctial shadows; ef. SATIUS, pp. T3a- 75b. Localities 1 to 4 are in the margin of f. 109r; localities 5 to 48 on f, 109r; localities 49 to 54 in the margin of f. 109v; and loealities 55 to 92. on f. 109v. In the following list, the serial num— bers are first given; then, where applicable, the serial number in parentheses of the same locality in the geographical table published in SATIUS; the text spelling of the locality follows with the noon equinoctial shadow; and finally the name of the locality according to the Imperial Gazetteer of India, vol. 26, rev. ed., Oxford 1931, with the approximate latitude North. The absence of any port dealing with European traders apart from Cambay and the absence of Poona indicate that the list probably dates from the sixteenth or early seventeenth century; the many errors in the shadow-— lengths (which I have not here attempted to correct) indicate that this is a later copy of the original list. 1 (115) bhelasa 5:45 Bhilsa, Gwalior 23;30° 2 (94) naravara 5:55 Narwar, Gwalior 25:40 3 odase 5:20 Orisa, Sirohi, Rajputana 24:40 4 méalapura 6:0 Malpura, Jaipur, Rajputana 26:20 5 (88) damana 5;45 Daman, Portuguese India 20:30 6 (83) dvaravati 6:5 Dwarka, Baroda 22;20 7 thata 6:6 atta, Karachi, Bombay 24:50 8 ramanagara 5;0 Ramnagar, Mandla, CP. 22:40 9 mabinagara 5;25 Mahbubnager, Hyderabad (?) 16;40 10 mamgalora 5:1 Mangalore, South Kanara, Madras 12;50 11 diva 5 Diu, Portuguese India 20;40 12 mahoda 5 Modasa, Ahmadabad, Bombay 23:30 13 (37) jandgadha 5;20 Junagarh, Kathiawar, W.1. 21:30 14 halavada 5;20 Halvad, Kathiawar, WL. 23:0 15 (30) gujaratha 5:20 Gujarat 16 (121) vairate 6;27 Bairat, Jaipur, Rajputana 27;30 17 lapalolana 5;10 18 nagaradhattha 6;6 Datha, Kathiawar, W.I. 21;10 19 (85) devagadha (cf. 38) 4;4 Deogarh, Jhansi, UP. 24;30 20 (106) pauni 4;30 Pauni, Bhandara, C.P. 20;50 ===== стр 53 ===== 54. SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 21 alvakapattana 5;1 22 durgavati- gadha 4:6- Drug, CP. 21;10 23 dhamdhava- gadha 5:52 Dhandhuka, Ahmadabad, Bombay 22;20 24 (42) dilli 6:33 Delhi, Punjab 28;40 25 (126) =mathur§ 6:14 Muttra, ULP. 27;40 26 camda Chenda, C.P, 20;0 27 (151) strata 4:45 Surat, Bombay 21;10 28 ratanapura 5;52 Ratanpur, Rewa Kanth, Bombay 21;50 29 kapadavana 4;59 Kapadvanj, Khaira, Bombay 23;10 30 khambhaita 4;59 Cambay, Bombay 22:20 31 (36) jambisara 4:59 Jambusar, Baroda 22:0 32 (13) kapila (cf. 74, 82) 4:54 Rummindei, Nepal 33 (47) gamdhira (cf. 59) 4:52 (?) Kandahar, Nander, Hyderabad 18;50 34 navasari 5:4 Navsari, Baroda 21;0 35 ghanadivi 5;47 36 valasada 4;38 Vadsar, Baroda 23,20 37 palapura 4:25 Vala, Kathiawar, WI. 21:50 38 (85) devagadha (cf. 19) 4:4 Deogarh, Jhansi, U.P. 24;30 39 (4) dhakam 6;20 Dhak, Shahpur, Punjab 32;30 40 madau 4:50 Mandvi, Cutch, W.1. 22350 41 (110) vuramlapura 4;30 Burhenpur, Nimar C.P. 21;20 42 (144) Siromja 4:48 Sironi, Tonk, Rajputana 24;10 43 (150) sAramgapura 4:53 Saranvpur, Dewes Junior, C.1L. 23:40 44 reva narmadi 4:47 Reva — Narmada River 45 madhyadese 6;9 46 (33) camderi 6;0 Chanderi, Isagarh, Gwalior 24;40 47 (154) hastandpura 6;31 Merat, Meerut, U.P. 29:10 48 rutidvara 6:36 49 madato 5:45 50 mamdava- gadha 5:1 Mandu, Dhar, CI. 22:20 51 (59,157) ajamera 5:50 Ajmer, Rajputana 26:30 52 gagarapura 5:3 53 vasavala 5;10 Veraval, Ka hiawar, WI. 20:50 54 ucavadha- gadha 5:3 Uch, Bahawalpur, Punjub 29:20 55 hajipura 5:45 Heitour. Muzaffarpur, B. and O. 25,40 56 kh3raimpatala 3:47 57 anavamt- pattana §;20 58 machali- pattana 5;6 Machilpyr, Karauli, Rajputana 25;30 ===== стр 54 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS Bh) 59 (16) khamdara (cf. 33) 830 Kandahar, Afghanistan 31;40 60 (155) ayodhya 6;7 Ajodhya, Fyzabad, U.P. 26340 61 nagapura 5;0 Nagpur, C.P, 21;10 62 (72) jugamnathe 4;24 Puri, B. and O. 19,50 63 utkaladese katakagrame 4;27 Cuttack, B. and O. 20;20 64 jaitapura 5:6 Jaiipur, Hamirpur, U.P. 25;20 65(24) gahora 5;57 Gaur, Malda, Bengal 24550 66 (26) gayayam 4332 Gaya, B. and O, 24;40 67 (159) agara 630 Agra, U.P. 27;10 68 (11) kanauja 6:0 Kanauj, Farrukhabad, U.P. 27;0 69 thanesvara 6;30 Thanesar, Karnal, Punjab 39;0 70 (12,60) kuruksetra 6380 Kuruksetra 71 rohataraga 6330 Rahtak, Punjab 28;50 72 (6) kasmira 7;30 iSeshnmir 73 (8) kabila 8330 74 (43) kapila Kabul, Afghanistan 34;30 (et. 32,82) 7;22 Kummindei, Nepal 75 (130) mithila 6;6 Janakpur, Nepal 26;40 76 (86) dadhigrame 4;4 Dohad, Panch Mahals, Bombay 22,50 qT simhanade 7;13 78 (1) ujjayinyam 5,0 Ujjain, Gwalior, C.L 23;10 79 dasora 5;11 Mandasar, Gwalior, C.1. 24;0 80 (116?) vadhanapura 5;20 Wadhwan, Kathiawar, W.I. 22,40 81 (77) hisara 6;45 Hissar, Punjab 29310 82 (13) kampilayém (cf. 32, 74) 6;15 Rummindei, Nepa: 83 ambhala 5;51 Ambala, Punjab 30;20 84 solapura 3;38 Sholapur, Bombay 17;40 85 (19) gova 6;0 Goa, Portuguese India 15;30 86 (62) bhrguksetre 4;48 Broach, Bombay 21340 87 vatapatra 4;54 Baroda 22;20 88 (158) ahamadavada 5;0 Ahmadabad, Bombay 2330 89 (114) kanadi vijapura 3;41 Bijapur, Bombay 16;50 90 hikeri vinnarama 6310 91 ubhola 5;0 Abhold, Panch Mahals, Bombay 22350 92 ciola 5;0 Chaul, Kolaba, Bombay 18;40 Ff, 110r-110v. Table 27 of the Makaranda; the solar apogee is placed at Gemini 17;17,7°, Ff, 111r-111v. Table 28 of the Makaranda. Ff. 112-113v. Table 29 of the Makaranda; Mars’ apogee is placed at Leo 10; 2, 32°, its node at Taurus 10;3,28°. In this table and ===== стр 55 ===== 56 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND in the succeeding two tables the longitudes of the occurrences of the Greek-letter phenomena are not given, Ft, 114r-lliv. Table 30 of the Makaranda; Mercury’s apogee is placed at Scorpio 10;28,2°, its node at Aries 20;41,24°, Ff. 116r-1l7v. Table 31 of the Makaranda; Jupiter’s apogee is placed at Virgo 21;21,37”, its node at Gemini 19;40,23°, F, 118r. Table 2 of the Grahalaghavasarim I A. F, 118v. Table 20 of the Anonymous of 1520. Oxford Walker 208b (Aufrecht 775), No. 71 in Walker's collec- tion. Tf, Fi. lv-7v. Candrarki composed by Dinakara in 35 verses in A.D, 1578. The last verse differs from that given in SATIUS, p. 51b:, srimatkausikagotrajo dvijavaro barejyasamjie pure modhajfiatisamudbhavo dinakaro daivajnacidimanih, cakre candraravisvakostakagatau Sribrahmapaksasritau drgpaksav api saksinau ca visadathy (?) adike prasphutam //35// This expanded form only adds to our information the fact that the Candrarki belongs to the Brahmapaksa. A second hand has written ff. 3v—7v, but the text is continuous. FE. 2r. Table of yearly parameters, epoch positions for Saka 1500=A.D. 1578, and ramabijas of the Lord of the year, the Epact, and the tithikendra, identical with that on f. 5v ot Poleman 4716 (SATIUS, p. 14b), F. Tv. A verse listing localities on the prime meridian, written by a third hand: puri raksasam devakantyatha kanti sitah parvatah prajvali vatsagulmam/ . puri cojjanyahvaya gargaratam kuruksetramerai bhuvo madhyarekhya// Royal Asiatic Society Tod 24. 63ff. On f. 63v is written: sam iti érimahadevi samaptam samvat induSailamunisatvarse Asojamase Suklapakse ekadaSamyam tithau bhargavavasare pujyarsisri 5 Srimadbhojarajajitah r 5 rohitasajitah rsigri 5 nathaji tatsisyali- satamm rsisenaspena munina. The copying was finished, then, on Friday 18 June 1719 Julian (reading the year-number from left to right rather than from right to left) by Muni Rsisenaspa (7), ===== стр 56 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 57 the pupil of Nathaji, the pupil of Rohitasaji, the pupil of Bhoja- raji. Presented by Lieut. Col. Tod on 21 February 1824. Ff. lv-2r. The Grahasiddhi composed by Mahadeva in Saka 1238=A.D. 1316. Ff. 2r-3r. Commentary in 15 verses on the Mahadevi written by Divakara in Saka 1500-=A.D. 1578. The fifth verse gives the date: sakah pirnanabhoksacandrarahitas te ’mi gatabdah prthak paficasthah svakiyair gunair vinihitah ksepair yutah syur dhruvah/ mesadau dyumanir yada grhamukhah parnadiko madhyamas tatkale dhruvakadhruvau (?) ravigunau sadbhir guna améakah// And the twelfth reveals the name of the author: bijodbhavam dvadaSabhih sahasrair evantaram tat kathitam grahajfiaih / evam krtam yat tu divakarena vicdrya granthan vidusam hitaya // On f. 2v Divakara gives several tables of which 1-3 relate directly to the Mahddevi, 4-7 to the Candrarki of Dinakara. Gunakas 1,’ (of the Brahmapaksa) Epact 11;3,53,22,40 tithis Lord of the year 1;15,31,17,17 days Mars 31;54,1,33,21 x 6° = —_3,11;24,9,20,6° Mercury’s anom. 9;7,33,10,22 54;45,19,2,12° Jupiter 5;3,31,5,7 30;21,6,30,42° Venus’ anom. 37:31,58,58,6 3,45;11,53,48,36° Saturn 2;2,8,34,12 °12;12,51,25,12° Lunar node (pata) -3;13,35,39,59 -19;21,33,59,54° Lunar node (raku) 56;46,24,20,1 5,40;38,26,0,6° true tropical mean sideral longitudes on 2. Ksepakah longitudes Sunday 28 March 1316 Epact 3;20,19,11,20 tithis Lord of the year 0:38,19,44,16 days Mars 24;3,12,7,48 x 6° 2,24;19,12,46,48° 21° Mercury’s anom. 48;35,14,4,42 4,51;31,24,28,12° (Mercury) 5,53 Jupiter 23;54,0,7,56 2,23;24,0,47,36° 2,29 Venus’ anom, 3515,6,10,48 19;30,37,4,48° (Venus) 23 Saturn 51;32,39,5,36 5,9515,54,33,36° 5,24 Lunar node (pata) -57:18,48,20,0 - 5,43:52,50,0,0° 5,31 8 ===== стр 57 ===== 58 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 3. Ramabijas Epact ~—031,15,0 tithis Lord of the year —0;2,0,0 days Mars +-0;0,13,20 Mercury’s anomaly +0;1,56,40 Jupiter —0;0,31,40 Venus’ anomaly —0;0,45,0 Venus -+0;0,15,0 Lunar node (rahu) +-0;0,5,0 Tamar node (pata) —0;0,5,0 4. Week-days on which the Sun enters each naksatra Aévini 4;48,21 Svati 2;26,27 Bharani 4;30,36 Visakha 1;44,38 Krttika 4;18,49 Anuradha 0;56,43 Rohini 431244 Jyestha 0;3,52 Mrgasiras 4;10,47 Mila 637,12 Ardra& 4;11,48 Parvasadha 538,25 Punarvasu 4;14,11 Uttarasadha 4;9,15 Pusya 4;15,53 Sravana 331115 Aslesa 4;15,48 Dhanistha 2;16,1 Magha 4312,23 Satabhisak 1;25,9 Parvaphalguni 4;4,9 Fuarvabhadrapada 0;39,40 Uttaraphalguni 3;50,2 Uttarabhadrapada 0;0,44 Hasta 3;29,18 Revati 6;29,7 Citra 331,28 Compare table 21 of the Jagadbhisana. 5. Gunakah (cf. Poleman 4716 [SATIUS, p. 14b]). Lord of the Year 1;15,31,17,17 days Epact 11;3,53,22,40 tithis Tithikendra 7;40,30,44,0 tithis 6. Ksepakah (cf. Poleman 4716 [SATIUS, p. 14b]). Lord of the Year 6;20,57,12,30 days Epact 22;19,34,10,0 tithis Tithikendra 21;52,16,55,0 tithis 7. Yearly motion Moon 2,12;46,40,48° Lunar anomaly 1,32;6,8,48° Lunar node -19;17,34,0° Cf. the Candrarki of Dinakara ¥. 3r. Several more tables relating to the Candrarki of Dinakara. 1. Table of the week-days on which the Sun enters each of the 12 zodiacal signs; above it is written the following verse; ===== стр 58 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 59 catustayaikyaramabijah samskrta mahanaksatrasahkrantayah / desantaro ramabija atra deSiya dinakarakrtah // 1 // Aries 4;48,28 Leo 4312,23 Sagittarius 637,12 Taurus 0;46,49 Virgo 0;15,32 Capricorn 0524,34 Gemini 4311,2 Libra 2;44,50 Aquarius 1;50,0 Cancer 0;45,32 Scorpio 4;39,15 Pisces 3339,52 Compare table 21 of the Jagadbhisana. 2. Table of ramabijas; above it is written a statement commenc- ing with a reference to the Candrarki, Epact -0;1,15 Lord of the year 0;0,0 Kendra -0;3,45 F. 3r. Table of mean positions according to the Mahddevi of the Lord of the year, Epact, Mars, Mercury’s anomaly, Jupiter, Venus’ anomaly, Saturn, the Lunar node, the Moon, and the Lunar apogee (kendra) for Saka 1597 to 1601=-A.D. 1675 to 1679. {In the following transcriptions I have multiplied the planetary entries by 6° as they are expressed in terms of sets of tables wherein AA = 6°. Saka 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 Lord of the year 4;29,54 5345,25 0;0,56 1:16,27 2331,58 Epact 15;35,25 26;39,18 7;43,17 18347,4 295350,57 Mars 1,39;9,12° 4,50;33,48° 2,1;57,24° —5,13;21,80° — 2,24;45,36° Mercury’s conj. 2,40:22,24 3,35;7,42 4,29,53,0 5,24;38,18 19;23,36 Jupiter 3,56;32,48 4,26;53,54 4,57;15,0 9,29,36,6(!) 5,59;57,12 Venus’ conj. 3,41;22,54 126:34,48 5,11;46,42 2,56;58,36 42;10,30 Saturn 15;42,54 27;55,48 40;8,42 52321,36 1,10;34,30 (!) Lunar node 266311 246349 227327 20855 188,43 Moon 18737,34 319;45,15 92;40,56 2293;27,37 358;14,18 Lunar anomaly 195;18,1 287324,8 19;30,16 111;36,24 203;42,23 Ff, 3v-13r. Table 9 of the Mahddevi for N = O to 59. Ff, 13v~33r. Table 10 of the Mahddevi for N = O to 59. Ff. 33v-43r. Table 11 of the Mahaédevi for N = O to 59. Ff, 48v—53r. Table 12 of the Mahadevi for N = O to 59. Ff. 53v-53r. Table 13 of the Mahadevi for N == O to 59. Royal Asiatic Society Tod 36. Seven manuscripts bound together. Presented by Lt. Col. Tod on 21 Feb, 1824. ===== стр 59 ===== 60 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Tod 36a. 12ff, F. lv. Table 1 ot the Grahaldghavasarim I; the dhruvankas are 11 to 30 in tables 1 to 9% Ff, lv-2r, Table 2 ot the Grahalaghavasarini I, F. 2r. Table 3 of the Grahaléghavasarini I. Ff, 2r-2v. Table 4 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. Ff, 2v. Table 5 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. Ff, 2v-3r. Table 6 of the Grahaléghavasarini I. F. 3r. Table 7 of the Grahaldghavasarini I. Ff. 3r-8v. Table 8 of the Grahaléghavasdrini I. F. 3v. Table 9 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. F. 4r. Table 10 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. F, 4v. Table 11 of the Grahalighavasarini I. F. 5dr. Table 12 of the Grakalaghavasarini I. Ff. 5v-6r. Table 17 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. F. 6v. Table 13 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. Ff. 7r-7v. Table 18 of the Grahalaghavasdrini I. F. 8r. Table 14 of the Grahalaghavasérini I. Ff. 8v-9r. Table 19 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. F. 9v. Table 15 of the Grahaléghavasarini I. Ff. 10r-10v. Table 20 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. F. llr. Table 16 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. F, 12v. Blank. Tod 36b. 28ff. Ff. 1v-2v. Tithisdrani composed by Dinakara in Saka 1505 =: A.D, 1583 with marginal notes in second hand. F. 2v. Additional verses in second hand. Ff. 3r-7v. Table 1 of the Tithisarani. Ff. 7v-12r, Table 2 of the Tithisdrani. Ff. 12r-16v. Table 3 of the Tithisdrani. F. 16v. Tables 4 to 5 of the Tithisérani. Ff. 17r-20v. Table 6 of the Tithisarani, Ff. 21r-24v. Table 7 of the Tithisérani. Ff, 25r-28v. Table 8 of the Tithisdrani. F. 28v. Table 9 of the Tithisarani. Tod 36c. 17ff. On f, 17v. is written: Agadhara. Ff. Ir-7v. Table 9 of the Grahajfiana for N = 1 to 27. ===== стр 60 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 61 Ff, 7v-l4r. Table 10 of the Grahajiana for N= 1 to 27. Ff.14v-17v. Table 11 of the Grahajiiana for N=1 to 13 and for k=1toTof N=14. Tod 36d. 14ff. F. lv. Table 1 of the Grahalaghavasdrini I; the dhruvankas are 3 to 20 in tables 1 to 9. Ff. lv-2r. Table 2 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. F, 2r. Table 3 of the Grahalaghavasarin I. Ff, 2r-2v. Table 4 of the Grahalaghavasérini I. Ff, 2v-3r. Table 5 of the Grahalighavasdrini 1. F, 3r. Table 6 of the Gruhalaghavasarini I. Ff. 3r-3v. Table 7 of the Grahaléghavasarini I. F. 3v. Table 8 of the Gruhaléghavasarini I. Ff. 3v-4r. Table 9 of the Grahalighavasarimi I. F. 4r. Tables 22 to 24 of the Grahalaghavasarini I A. Ff, 4r-4v. Table 25 of the Grahalaghavasdrini I A. F. 4v. Tables 26 to 28 of the Grahalaghavasarini I A. Fi. 4v-5r. Table 29 of the Grahalaghavasdrini I A. F. 5r. Tables 33, 31, and 32 of the Grahalaghavasarini I A. Ff, 5r-5v. Table 10 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. Ff. 5v—-6r. Table 11 of the Grahalaghavasarin I. Ff. 6r-6v. Table 12 of the Grahaldéghavasarini I. Ff. 6v.-7r. Table 13 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. Ff. 7v-8r. Table 14 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. Ff, 8r-8v. Table 15 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. Ff, 8v-9r. Table 16 of the Grahalighavasarini I. Ff. 9r-10r. Table 17 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. Ff, 10r-11r. Table 18 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. Ff, 11r-12r. Table 19 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. Ff. 12r-13v. Table 20 of the Grahalaghavasarini I. Ff. 18v—14v. Table 21 of the Grahalaghavasarimi I. F, 14v. Two verses, of which the first refers to Saka 1442 = A.D. 1520: dvyabdhindronitagaka igahrt phalam syac cakrakhyam ravihataSesakam triyuktam / eaitradyai prthak amutam sadrgghnacakra tad imam yuktad amaraphaladhimasayuktam //1// ===== стр 61 ===== 62 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Tod 36e. 87ff. On f. 87r in the margin is written: iti Srijagad— bhiisana sampirna lisatam pam naravijaya gajendravijayaga (?) tmarthe Srisantinathajiprasadat samvat 1820 varse vaisasasudi 8 guruvasare plsyanaksatre tratiyaprahare lipikrta srijayavamti. The copying was finished, then, by Naravijaya for Gajedravijaya by the favor of Santinathaji on Thursday 10 April 1763 Julian. Ff. 1r-20v. Table 1 of the Jagadbhisana for N—=Saka 1611 and 1690 (= A.D. 1689 and 1768) to N == Saka 1690 and 1768 (~: A.D. 1768 and 1846). A fourth column. entitled cakra, whose function is not understood, is added to the planetary tables in this manuscript. Ff, 21r-31v. Table 2 of the Jagadbhisana for N -= Saka 1534, 1580, and 1626 (= A.D. 1612, 1658, and 1704) to N-= Saka 1669 and 1715 (= A.D. 1747 and 1793); it should continue to N Saka 1671 (:- A.D. 1749). Ff. 32r-52v. Table 3 of the Jagadbhisana for N = Saka 1532 and 1615 (-- A.D. 1610 and 1693) to N= Saka 1697 (— A.D. 1775). Ff, 52v-72v. Table 4 of the Jagadbhisana for N == Saka 1500 (A.D. 1578) to N=—Saka 1516 (-: AD. 1594); for N-=:Saka 1549 (1517 +- [8 X 4]) (-- A.D. 1627) to N = Saka 1560 (= A.D. 1638); for N = Saka 1577 (1561 + [8 X 2]) (= A.D. 1655) to Saka 1582 (== A.D. 1660); and for N -= Saka 1599 (1583 + [8 x 2]), 1607, and 1615 (= A.D. 1677, 1685, and 1693) to N = Saka 1691 and 1723 (= A.D. 1769 and 1801). Ft. 72v-87r. Table 5 of the Jagadbhiisana for N = Saka 1650 (= A.D. 1728) to N -= Saka 1649 and 1708 (= A.D. 1727 and 1786). Tod 36f. Ff. 1-2* and 2-24. On f. iv, after the colophon of Mahadeva’s Kamadhenusarani, is written: pam laksmivijaya likhitam. Ff. ir-lv. Kémadhenu composed by Mahadeva in Saka 1279 -= A.D. 1357. F. lv, Additional text with parameters, Ff. 2*r-2*v. Astrological text; from another manuscript. F. 2r. Tables 1 to 3 of the Kamadhenu. F. 2v. Tables 4 to 6 of the Kamadhenu. Above table 4 is written: Sake 1405 pravarttamane ayanamsa 16 33 0/0 samaye spastam dinamanam varapravrttayal), Saka 1405 is A.D. 1483. Ata rate ===== стр 62 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 63 of precession equal to 1° every 60 years, the precession would be zero (reading 16;23° for 16;33°) in Saka 422 = A.D. 500. F. 3r. Table 7 of the Kémadhenu.. Ff, 3r-3v. Udaharana (partly in deSi) for Sam. 1628, Saka 1497 =: A.D. 1571. F. 3v. Tables 8 to 11 of the Kamadhenu. Ff, 4r-9v. Table 12 of the Kamadhenu. F. 10r. Table 13 to 14 of the Kamadhenu. Ff, 10r-10v. Udaharana in deéi. F, 11r. Tables 15 to 18 of the Kamadhenu. Ff. 11v-17r. Table 19 of the Kamadhenu. Ff, 17v-23r. Table 20 of the Kamadhenu. F. 23v. Tables 21 to 22 of the Kamadhenu. Ff, 23v-24r. Commentary. Tod 36g. 76ff. Ff, 1r-15v. Table 9 of the Mahadevi for N = 0 to 59. Ff, 16r-30v. Table 10 of the Mahadevi for N = 0 to 59. FY. 31r-33r. Table 11 of the Mahaddevi for N= 0 to 8. F. 33r. Table 11 of the Mahadevi for N — 8 repeated. Ff. 33v.41v. Table 11 of the Mahddevi for N — 10 to 43. F, 42r. Table 11 of the Mahadevi for N — 42 to 43 repeated. Ff. 42v-46r. Table 11 of the Mahddevi for N = 44 to 59. F. 46v. Table 11 of the Mahadevi for N -— 9. Ff, 46v-55v. Table 12 of the Mahadevi for N = 0 to 36. Ff. 56r. Table 12 of the Mahddevi for N = 39 to 40. F. 56v, Table 12 of the Mahadevi for N = 37 to 38. Ff. 57r-61v. Table 12 of the Mahadevi for N — 41 to 59. Ff. 61v-76v. Table 13 of the Mahadevi for N=0 to 59. Royal Asiatic Society Tod 45. Ff. 1 and 1bis-77. On f. 76v. is written: iti Srimahadevigramtha sampirnam samvat 1789 varse Sake 1654 pamditottama pamditasrirtpavijayagani tatchiksa pam sujanvijayaga tatchisyamga bhojavijaya likhyatam atmarthe // lahagrame....It was copied, then, by Bhojavijaya, pupil of Sujamavijaya, pupil of Rupavijaya gani in Lahagrama in Sam. 1789, Saka 1654 = A.D. 1732. ===== стр 63 ===== 64 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND On f. 77v, is written, by a hand different from Bhojavijaya’s: pandita Srirtipavijayagani. F. ly. Table of the true longitudes of the Sun and its corresponding daily progresses for 1 to 27 avadhis; ascribed to the Mahadevi. The initial position is 2;9,40°, that for avadhi 27 (:= day 364) is 0;55,49°. The maximum daily progress is 1;1,23° at avadhi 20, the minimum 0;56,53° at avadhi 7. F. lv. Table of the mean motion of the Lunar node for 1 to 27 avadhis. This motion at avadni 27 is 19;7,34°. Ff. 1bis r-lbis v. Table of the positions of the Epact, Lord of the Year, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn and the Lunar node according to the Mahddevi in steps of 20 years for Saka 1600 to 1820 = A.D. 1678 to 1898, and for 1 to 20 years. _ Ff. 2r-16v. Table 9 of the Mahadevi for N= 0 to 59. Ff, 17r-31v. Table 10 of the Mahddevi for N = 0 to 59. Ff. 32r-46v. Table 11 of the Mahddevi for N = 0 to 59. Ff, 47r-61lv. Table 12 of the Mahddevi for N — 0 to 59. Ff, 62r-76v. Table 13 of the Mahadevi for N= 0 to 59. Ff. 77r-77v. Table of the longitudes of the Lunar node at the beginnings of Saka 1600 to 1719 -- A.D. 1678 to 1797; only filled in to Saka 1697 = A.D. 1775. Roval Asiatic Society Tod 57, 15ff. On f. 15r is written: iti graha— laghavasya sarani samaptam / samvat 1777 varse margasirsa sudi 10 dine camdre sampirnikrta ’ udayapuramadhye pampa prata- pasijigisya parévadattena lipikrta svavacanarthe /. The copying was finished, then, by Parévadatta, the pupil of Prat&pasimhajf, at Udayapura (Udaipur} on Monday 28 November 1720 Julian. Presented by Lt. Col. Tod 21 February, 1824. F, tv. Table 1 of Grahalayhavasarini I A. F. 2r. Table 2 of Grahalaghavasarini I A. F, 2v. Table 3 of Grahalaghavasarini I A. F. 3r. Table 4 of Grahalaéghavasérini I A. F. 3v. Table 5 of Grahalaghavasarini I A. F. 4r. Table 6 of Grah«lighavasarini I A. F. 4v. Table 7 of Grahalaghavasarini I A. F. 5r. Table 8 of Grahalaghavasarint I A. F. 5v. Table 9 of Grahalaghavasarini I A. F. 6r. Table 10 of Grahaldghavasérinz 1. ===== стр 64 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 65 F. 6v. Table 11 of Grahalaghavasarini I. F. Tr. Table 12 of Grahaldghavasarini I. F. Tv. Table 13 of Grahalaghavasarina I. F. 8r. Table 14 of Grahalaghavasarini I. F. 8v. Table 15 of Grahalighavasarini I. F. 9r. Table 16 0 Grahulaghavasarini I. Ff. 9v-10r. Table 17 of Grehalaghavasarini I. Ff, 10v-11r. Table 18 of Grahalaghavasarini I. Ff, 11v-12r. Table 19 of Grahalighavasarini I. Ff, 12v-13r. Table 20 of Grehalaghavasarini I. Ff. 13v—14r. Table 21 of Grahalaghavasarini I. F. 14v. Tables 22 to 25 of Grahalaghavasarini I A. Ff. 14v-15r. Table 26 of Grauhalaghavasdrini I A. F. 15r. Tables 27 to 33 of Grahalaghavasarini I A. Royal Asiatic Society Tod. 59, 112ff. On f. 1l1v (after table 20) is written: iti Srijagadbhisana samaptam samvat 1786 varse Sravana $uda 15. The copying was cornpleted, then, on 30 July 1729 Julian. Presented by Lieut. Col. Tod on 21 February 1824. Ff, 1v-21r, Table 1 of the Jagadbhisana for N = 0 to 78. Ff. 21r-32v. Table 2 of the Jagadbhisana for N= 0 to 45. Ff. 32v-52r. Table 3 of the Jagadbhisana for N= 0 to 82. Ff. 53v-96r. Table 4 of the Jugadbhiisana for N = 0 to 226 (column 3 is omitted in N = 48 to 226). Ff. 96v-1lir. Table 5 of the Jagadbhiisana for N =: 0 to 58. F. 111r. Table 20 of the Jagadbhisana. Ff. 111v-112r. Table of the motion of the Lunar node from Saka 1540 to 1677 = A.D. 1618 to 1755. The yearly motion is -19;21,34°; the longitude at the beginning of Saka 1540 was 290;0,9°. Trinity College, Cambridge R. 15. 108. 20ff. Bengali script. Pro- cured in Bengal by John Bentley (died 1824); acquired by Trinity College in 1858. Ff, lv-10v. Ravisiddhantumaiijari composed by Mathuranatha Sarman in Saka 1531 = A.D. 1609. F. 10v. Table of the declination of the Sun for 1 to 60 ares of 3°. The maximum is 24° at 30 (= 90°). F. 10v. Table 1 of the Ravisiddhantamanjari for 1 to 35; the column of differences is omitted. F, 10v. Table 2 of the Ravisiddhantamafijari for 1 to 27; the column of differences is omitted, 9 ===== стр 65 ===== 66 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND F. 11r. Table 50 of the Ravisiddhantamanjari. F. llv. Table 51 of the Revisiddhantamanjari. F. 12r. Table 52 of the Ravisiddhaintamafjari. Ff, 12r-12v. Table 53 of the Ravisiddhantamafijari. Ff, 12v-13r. Table 54 of the Ravisiddhantamafijart. Ff. 18r-13v. Table 55 of the Ravisiddhantamafijart. F, 13v. Table 56 of the Ravisiddhantamafijari. F, 14r. Table 57 of the Ravisiddhantamanjari. Ff. 14r-14v. Table 58 of the Ravisiddhantamafjari. Ff, 14v. Table 59 of the Ravisiddhantamafijari. Ff, 14v-15r. Table 60 of the Ravisiddhaintamanijar7. Ff. 15r-15v. Table 61 of the Ravisiddhantamafijari. F. 15v. Tables 35 to 37 of the Ravisiddhantamafijari. but in tables 35 to 49 this manuscript gives entries only to seconds. F,. 16r. Tables 38 to 41 of the Ravisiddhantamafijari, but table 40 is split into two; for 1 to 30 days, and for 30-day periods from 60 to 360 days and for 365 days. F. 16v. Table 42 to 45 of the Ravisiddhantamafijari, but tables 44 and 45 are split as is table 40. Ff. 16v-17r. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ Sightra for 1 to 30 dandas. F. 17r. Table of 10 entries of which the first is 2.22.42 and the difference is 2.2.2 (but the scribe has written 4.24,46 as the second instead of 4.24.44, and 20,24,48 as the tenth instead of 20,40.0). The first of table 46 of the Ravisiddhantamafijari is missing. F. 17, Tables 46 to 48 of the Ravisiddhantamafjari, but only the latter part of table 46 is given: for 30-day periods from 60 to 360 days and for 365 days. Ff. 17r-17v. Table 49 of the Ravisiddhantamafjari, but split as is table 40. F. 17v. Tables 3 to 7 of the Ravisiddhantamafjar7. but tables 3 and 7 are for Saka 1531 to 1671 -- A.D. 1609 to 1749 and table 5 is for Saka 1531 to 1691 --: A.D. 1609 to 1769. F. 18r. Tables 8 to 13 of the Ravisiddhantamaijari. but tables 9 and 13 are for Saka 1531 to 1671 -= A.D. 1609 to 1749 and table 11 is for Saka 1531 to 1691 -- A.D. 1609 to 1769. F. 18v. Tables 14 to 18 of the Ravisiddhantamafijari, but tables 15 and 17 are for Saka 1531 to 1671 — A.D. 1609 to 1749. F. 19r. Tables 19 and 20, 28 and 24. and 21 and 22 of the Ravi- siddhantamaiijari, but table 23 is for Saka 1531 to 1651 -- A.D. 1609 ===== стр 66 ===== CATALOGUE OF MANUSCRIPTS 67 to 1729, table 21 for Saka 1531 to 1671 = A.D. 1609 to 1749, and table 19 for Saka 1531 to 1691 = A.D. 1609 to 1769. F. 19v. Tables 25 to 34 of the Ravisiddhantamanjari. F.19v. Table of the longitudes of the beginnings of the 27 naksatras. F, 20r. Table of the lengths of the solar months in days. Vaisikha 1 30;56,52 Karttika 29;52,52 Jyestha 31;25,41 Marga 29;28,58 Asadha 31;38,37 Pausa 29;19,8 Sravana 31;27,58 Magha 29;27,22 Bhadra 31;0,21 Phalguna 29;50,5 Aévina 30;25,38 Caitra 30;22,0 The total is 6,5;15,32 days. F. 20r. Table of week-days of the months, This table consists of each of the entries in the preceding table diminished by 28 days (= 4 weeks). F, 20r. Table of the length of daylight measured in ghatikas during each month: Vaisikha 31;1 Bhadra 32;18 Pausa 26;31 Jyestha 32333 Aésvina 30;42 Magha 26;31 Asadha 33;29 Karttika 28;59 Phalguna 27;42 Sravana 33;23 Marga 27;27 Caitra 29518 F. 20v. Table of the week-days on which the Sun enters the 12 zodiacal signs. This table is computed by adding the entries in the table of the lengths of solar months and casting out 7’s. Taurus 2356,62 Gemini 6;22,33 Cancer 331,20 (read 354,20) . Leo 6;29,8 (a mistake, but the author’s) Virgo 23;29,29 Libra 4;57.7 (read 4;55,7) Scorpio 6,47,59 Sagittarius 1;26,57 (a mistake, but the author’s) Capricorn 2;36,5 (read 2;46,5) Aquarius 4;7,27 (read 453,27) Pisces 5;53,32 F. 20v. Table of the mean longitudes of the Sun when the true Sun enters the 12 zodiacal signs. ===== стр 67 ===== 68 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Aries 5,57;51,31" Leo 2,1;31,43° Sagittarius —_4,0;38,2° Taurus 28;21,8° Virgo 2,32;6,4° Capricorn 4,29;31,48° Gemini 59;19,5° Libra 3,2;6,26° Aquarius 4,58;33,12° Cancer 1,30;30,14° Scorpio 3,31;34,4° Pisces 5,27;56,42° F. 20v. Table of rising-times, expressed in ghatikas. Aries 3,47 Taurus 4:17 Gemini 536 Cancer 5;40 Leo 5341 Virgo 5;29 ” 30;0 Trinity College, Cambridge R. 15, 122. 4ff. Bengali script, Procured in Bengal by John Bentley (died 1824); acquired by Trinity College in 1858. Ff. 1v-3r. Grahamaijari. Incomplete. Ff. 3v-4v. Table 1 of the Grahamafijari for 0 to 239. Trinity College, Cambridge R. 15. 123. 33ff. Bengali script. Pro- cured in Bengal by John Bentley (died 1824); acquired by Trinity College in 1858. Ff, rv. Grahamaiijari. Ff. 4-6v. Table 1 of the Grahamafijari. Ff, 6v.-10r. Table 2 of the Grahamafijari. Ff. 10v-l2v. Table 3 of the Grahamafijari. Ff, 12v-16v. Table 4 of the Grahamafijari. Ff. 16v-18r. Table 5 of the Grahamafijari. Ff. 18r-22v. Table 6 of the Grahamafijari. Ff. 22v-24v. Table 7 of the Grahamaiijari. Ff. 24v-28v. Table 8 of the Grahamafijari. Ff. 28v-30r. Table 9 of the Grahamafijari. Ff. 30r-33v. Explanatory text. ===== стр 68 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES The Grahajndna of Asadhara. 1 The Life of ASadhara Verses 28-30 of the Grahajidna, which are copied by Harihara as verses 110-112 of his Ganitacidémani, inform us of Asadhara’s lineage: asid rsih sannihitadhivasi érimudgalo brahmavidam varisthah / tasyanvaye vedavidam varisthah éribhanunama ravivat prasiddhah // 28 // tasyotpannah prathamatanayo visnunama manisi vede Sastre’pratihatamatis tasya putro babhiava / Srivatsakhyo dhanapatir asau kalpavrksopamanas tasyaiko ’bhiit pravaratanayo rihlukakhyah sa vidvan ;/ 29 // tasyadyastinur ganako ’bjabhanur asadharo visnupadambu (ja) saktah / vedottamangam bahuéastrasaram eakara daivajfahitaya Sastram // 30 // From these lines we learn that Asadhara, a devotee of Visnu, was the eldest son of Rihluka (Bohita according to Harihara), who was the unique son of the wealthy Vatsa, who was the son of Visnu, the son of Bhanu, a Brahmana of the Maudgalyagotra. The epoch of his Grahajidna is given as Saka 1054 = A.D. 1132 and his indebtedness to the Brahmapaksa acknowledged in verses 1-2: brahmesacyutacandravitsitaraviksonisutejyarkajan naksatrani sarasvatim ganapatim natva prthak bhaktitah / $ribrahmoktaparisphutopakaranair bhaumadayo yadréas tattulyanayanam bravimi sukhadam mandasrupatair vina //1// $ako’bdhibanadagabhir viyuto hato ’Svi- banaih prthak SaSinavastanrpaptahinah / candrabhrayugmavihrtah phalam abdayuktam saptoddhrtam bhavati sankramanadhruvo ’yam // 2 ,’/ ===== стр 69 ===== 70 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND The date is confirmed by the ksepas given below in section III, and the parameters are indeed those of the Brahmapaksa (discre- pancies are due to roundings in computing tabular entries). Brahman is again referred to in verse 19 as Nalininatha, and the Brahmasiddhanta is mentioned in verse 21. An unidentified astro— nomer, the Brahmana Narmada, appears in verse 22, The Grahajiana has been almost entirely incorporated into the Ganitacidaémani of Harihara. I list below the correspondences: Asadhara Harihara 1-2 1-2 4 3 6-9 14-17 10-13 34-37 17 41 18 58 19 60 20 67 21 39 22 46 23-24 18-19 28-30 110-112 II. Manuscripts: *IO 2464b and c. 10ff. Copied in Sam 1694, Saka 1559 = A.D. 1637. BORI 257. If. Copied in Sam. 1708 == A.D. 1651. Baroda 7635(a). 1f. Copied in Sam. 1833 = A.D. 1776. Anandasrama 5417. Anup 4946. 2ff. Dahilaksmi XXXII 59. LDI 6674 (5780). 1f. . PL, Buhler IV E 63. 4ff. Property of Mayadhara Muralidhara of Mehmadabad. “RAS Tod 36c, 17ff. Ill. Tables. The mean motion tables are for 1 to 9, 10 to 90, 100 to 900, and 1,000 to 10,000 years; the entries for the planets refer to a set of tables of their true longitudes. The corresponding mean longitudes ===== стр 70 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 71 equal the tabular entries (which are negative) multiplied by 13;20° and subtracted from 360°. Above each table is given the ksepa and a bija. The ksepas, multiplied by 13;20° and subtracted from 360°, indicate that the epoch is Sunday 20, March 1132 (the ksepa of the lunar node is given in degrees). mean true ksepas sidereal tropical differences longitudes longitudes Lord of the year 0;0,0,0,0 days Mars -11;37,2,33 205;6,6,0,0° 230° ~25° Mercury’s anomaly -5;25,37,16 287;38,23,6,40 (Mercury) 340 Jupiter -3;6,48,36 318;29,12,0,0 330 -12 Venus’ anomaly ~1;32,3,9 339;32,38 (Venus) 356 Saturn -10:22,3,32 -221;45,52,53,20 240-18 Lunar node -21;7,33° 338;52,27 349 -10 The bijas are as ¢ollows: Lord of the year —0;2,30 days Jupiter —0;14,15* Mars -+0;6° Venus’ anomaly —0;20,15° Mercury’s anomaly +-0352,30° Saturn +0;6,45° 1. Table of the Lord of the Year. The yearly motion is 1;15,31,17,17 days, so that a year is 6,5;15,31,17,17 days, Manuscripts: IO 2464c. f. Lv. 2. Table of the mean motion of Mars. The mean yearly motion is 3,11;24,9,20°. Manuscripts: IO 2464c. f. 3r 3. Table of the mean motion of Mercury’s anomaly. The mean yearly motion is 54;45,19,2,13.20°. Manuscripts: IO 2464c. f. 3v. 4. Table of the mean motion of Jupiter. The mean yearly motion is 30;21,6,17,20°. Manuscripts: IO 2464c. f. 4r. 5. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ anomaly. The mean yearly motion is 3,45;11,53,48,40°. Manuscripts: IO 2464c. f. 4v. 6. Table of the mean motion of Saturn. The mean yearly motion is 12;12,51,25,6,40°. Manuscripts: IO 2464c. f. 5r. 7. Table of the motion of the lunar node in two parts: the first is for 1 to 27 periods of 27 collected years, the second, 1 to 27 single years, The yearly motion is ~19;21,34°, Manuscripts: 10 2464e, f. 6r. ===== стр 71 ===== 72 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 8. Table of the longitudes of the lunar node at the Sun’s entry into each of the 27 naksatras, in four columns. Column 1 gives the initial of the nakgatra, column 2 the longitude of the node, column 3 the node’s daily motion (always 0;3,11°), and column 4 the numbers of the nakgatras (1 to 27). Naksatra Longitude Difference Naksatra Longitude Difference ASvini -0;0,0° Svati -10;15,45 —-0;42,37 Bharani -0;43,31 0;43,31 Visakha ~10;58,1 0;42,16 Kerttika -1;27,24 0;43,53 Anuradha -11;39,59 0;41,58 Rohini -2311,36 0;44,12 = Jycstha -12;21,43 0;41,44 Mrgasiras -2;56,3 0;44,27 Mila -13;3,18 0;41,35 Ardra -3;40,41 0;44,38 Purvasadhs ~13;44,45 0;41,27 Punarvasu ~4525,23 0;44,42 Uttarasadha -14;26,12 0;41,27 Pusya -5;10,4 0;44,41 Sravana -15;7,42 0;41,30 Adles& -5;54,38 0;44,34 Dhanistha -15;49,19 0;41,37 Magha ~65338,59 0;44,21 Satabhisak -16;31,9 0;41,50 Pirvaphalguni -7;23,3 0;44,4 Purvabhadrapada ~-17;13,15 0;42,6 Uttaraphalguni -8;6,47 0;43,44 Uttarabhadrapada -17;55,39 0;42,24 Hasta -8;50,9 0;43,22 Revati ~18;38 24 0;42,45 Citra -9;33,8 0;42,59 Manuscripts: IO 2464c. f. 6v. 9. Table of the true longitudes of Mars. There exists a table for each increment of 13;20° (a naksatra) in Mars’ mean longitude, and each table begins at the beginning of a moon sidereal year with the Sun at Aries 0°. There are, then, 27 (N = 1 to 27) tables. Each of these contains 4 columns; the first gives as the argument 1 to 27 avadhis of 14 days each, the second the true longitudes of the planet, the third the daily progress of the planet at the beginning of each avadhi, and the fourth a function relating to the planet’s latitude (it is sometimes identified as da, “southern,” or u, “northern”). This last function reaches its maximum near opposition, For Mars that maximum is 338;24 at N = 24, k -: 24; the longitude of Mars’ node according to the Brahmapaksa is 338°. The longitudes of the planet’s heliacal risings and settings are given to the right of the table. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36c. ff. 1r-7v. 10. Table of the true longitudes of Mercury set up as is table 9 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36c. ff. 7v—14r. 11. Table of the true longitudes of Jupiter set up as is table Y¥ Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36c. ff. 14v-17v, ===== стр 72 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 73 The Laghukhecarasiddhi of Sridhara. I. The Life of Sridhara. Verses 1 and 2 of the Laghukhecarasiddhi tell us the author’s name, correctly inform us of the fact that he follows the Brahma- paksa, and state that the epoch of his treatise is Saka 1149 = A.D, 1227, narayanam Sridhrtapadapadmam parayanam punyavatam pranamya / Sribrahmasiddhantasamam karomi $riSridharah khecarasiddhim alpam //1 // nandabdhirudronagako’rkanighnas caitradimasair yug adho'stayuktah / svabhtrasaméSena viyug radapto yuto’dhimasaih ghagunaghna adhyah //2// The last verse, numbered 20, and the colophon add little to this information: patikuttakabijagolasahitan (ganitan) paitamahadin vayam siddhantad api manmahe pratidinam khetan nanu prasphutan / ity akarmya vidam vacamsi krpaya Srigridharah prasphutam eakre khecarasiddhim indudhavalam satkirtivallim iva // 20// iti SriganakacakracidamaniSrisridharacaryaviracita laghukhecarasiddhih samapta ’ II. Manuscripts. “IO 2408b. 9ff. Copied in Sam. 1611, Saka 1477 = A.D. 1555. Baroda 3094. 2ff. Copied in Sam. 1971 ~- A.D. 1914. AS Bengal 6842 (G 10081). 3ff. Oudh XX (1888) VIII 69. 114pp. Property of Pandita Pratapa Narayana of Allahabad Zila. Oudh XX (1888) VIII 71. 16pp. Property of Pandita Pratapa Narayana of Allahabad Zila. Oudh XXI (1889) VIII 6. 12pp. Property of Pandita Vindhyesvari Prasada of Gonda Zila, 10 ===== стр 73 ===== 74 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Ill. Tables, A. The tables of the planets’ mean motion give four elements: the ksepaka or epoch longitude to the second; the mean motion in 1, 10, and 100 years of 365 days each; the mean motion in 1, 10, and 100 days; and the apogee (the apogee is naturally eliminated from the lunar tables). The epoch longitudes indicate the date 20 March 1227: mean true sidereal tropical differences longitudes longitudes Sun 353,28,30° 6° -13° Moon 13;49,13 25 -11 Lunar apogee 127;40,30 Lunar node -60;32,18 49 -11 Mars 26;1,15 31 -5 Mercury’s conjunction 71;12,48 (Mercury) 19 Jupiter 321;32.30 334 -13 Venus’ conjunction 126;15,31 (Venus) 50 Saturn 301;59,15 315 -13 The (approximate) mean daily motions and apogees of the planets in these tables are: mean daily motions apogees Sun 0;59, 8,10,11,...° 77;56,16° Moon 13:10,34,52,26,... Lunar apogee 0; 6,40,53,56,... Lunar node 0; 3,10,48,25,... Mars 0:31,26,28, 9,... 128;24,48 Mercury’s conjunction 4; 5,32,20,55,... 224;54,33 Jupiter 0; 4,59, 8,54,... 172334,34 Venus’ conjunction 1;36, 7,43,51,... 81;16,40 Saturn 0; 2, 0,23,15,... 238316, 4 The differences between these (approximate) mean motions and those of the Brahmapaksa are due to the fact that Sridhara’s longitudes are given only in signs, degrees, minutes, and seconds; sexagesimal fractions beyond the third place that are squeezed from them are not accurate. 1. Table of the mean motion of the Sun. Manuscripts: IO 2408b. f. 5r. 2. Table of the mean motion of the Moon. Manuscripts: IO 2408b. f. 5r. ===== стр 74 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 15 3. Table of the mean motion of the lunar apogee. Manuscripts: IO 2408b. f. 5r, 4. Table of the mean motion of the lunar node. Manuscripts: IO 2408b. f. 5r. 5. Table of the mean motion of Mars. Manuscripts: IO 2408b. f. 5r. 6. Table of the mean motion of Mercury’s conjunction. Manuscripts: IO 2408b. f. 5r. 7. Table of the mean motion of Jupiter. Manuscripts: I0 2408b. f. 5v. 8. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ conjunction, Manuscripts: I0 2408b. f£. 5v. 9. Table of the mean motion of Saturn. Manuscripts: IO 2408b. f. 6r. 10. Table of the longitudes of the planets’ nodes. B. In the tables of the equations of the planets the entries in the column of arguments increase constantly by 10°. These equations deviate somewhat from those of the Brahmapaksa, Mars 33836 ,15° Mercury 338;50,52 Jupiter 277;58,46 Venus 300;15,5 Saturn 256;49,38 11. Table of the equation of the center for the Sun; the maximum is 2;10,34° at 90°. Manuscripts: IO 2408b. f. 6r. 12. Table of the equation of the center for the Moon; the maximum is 5;2,17° at 90°. Manuscripts: IO 2408b. f. 6r. 13. Table of the equation of the center for Mars; the maximum is 11;12,47° at 90°. Manuscripts: IO 2408b. f. 6v. 14. Table of the equation of the center for Mercury; the maximum is 4.2,0° at 90°. Manuscripts: IO 2408b. f. 6v. 15. Table of the equation of the center for Jupiter; the maximum is 5;16,0° at 90°. Manuscripts: I0 2408b. f. 6v, ===== стр 75 ===== 76 SANSKRIIT’ ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN &NGLAND 16. Table of the equation of the center for Venus; the maxi- mum is 1;26,0° at 90°. Manuscripts: IO 2408b. f. 6v. 17. Table of the equation of the center for Saturn; the maxi- mum is 7;59,0° at 90°. Manuscripts: IO 2408b. f. 7r. 18. Table of the equation of conjunction for Mars; the maxi- mum is 41;17,16° at 130°. Manuscripts: IO 2408d. f. 7r. 19. Table of the equation of the conjunction for Mercury; the maximum is 21;30.0’ at 110°. Manuscripts: IO 2408b. f. Tv. 20. Table of the equation of the conjunction fur Jupiter, the maximum is 10; 53,0° at 100°. Manuscripts: IO 2408b. f. 7v. 21. Table of the equation of the conjunction for Venus; the maximum is 46;23,0° at 140°. Manuscripts: IO 2408b. f. 8r. 22. Table of the equation of the conjunction for Saturn; the maximum is 5;34,0° at 100°. Manuscripts: 10 2408b. f. 8r. 23. Table of the elongations from the Sun necessary for the occurrence of the Greek-letter phenomena of the planets. There is a separate table for each planet in the original. ~ g 3 =) y Q Mars 28° 163° 196;53” 332° Mercury 205 215 310” 50° 145 155 Jupiter 14 125 235 346 Venus 183 195 336 24 165 177 Saturn 17 113 247 343 Manuscripts: IO 2408b. ff. 8v—9r. The Sighrasiddhi of Laksmidhara. I. The Life of Laksmidhara. Our unique source of information on Laksmidhara is the first verse of the Sighrasiddhi: . ===== стр 76 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 77 snherambham pranamyaohiasitaphaladam vyalayajfiopavitam Sabdabrahmasvarupam abhimataphaladam érigiram Srigurum ca/ Srimantau puspavantau tribhuvananayane vaijadevasya sinur vaksye laksmidharakhyo matayugalamatam saranim Sighrasid- dhim // 1 // From this we learn that he was the son of Vaijadeva. The epoch of his work, Saka 1200 = A.D. 1278, is given in verse 4: Sako dvadaSabhih Satair virahitah syad abdavrndabhidho nighno’sau gasibhimibhis trisahito’dhahstho rasendranvitah / dvistho dvyagnigaroddhrtah phalayuto’bhratyastihrl labdha- yuk chuddhisth§ tithipirvika khadahanair bhaktavaSesonmita {14 // The bhogaksepa in tables 1 and 3 is said to be for godAatira in BM Add. 14,366, and in the same manuscript at table 5 the aksabha or noon equinoctial shadow is given as 4;20 digits and the ayanamSa or precession as 16;30°. These data indicate that Laksmidhara wrote on the banks of the Godavari at c. 20° N; the ayanaméa points to c. 1600, the date of the scribe Janardana. II. Manuscripts: *BM Add. 14,366. 38ff. Copied in Saka 1544 = A.D. 1622. *Oxf. SC c. 319d (3347). A 3ff.; B 22ff.; C 1f. Copied in Saka 1560 = A.D. 1639. GVS 2932 (2166). 6ff. Copied in Sam, 1749 = A.D. 1692. Anup 5204. If. Ill. Tables: The basic tables in Laksmidhara’s work are tithi, naksatra, and yoga tables according first to the Brahmapaksa and then to the Aryapaksa. The set-up of the tables is similar to that of the Paft- cangavidyadhart of Vidyadhara and the Anonymous of 1741 (SATIUS, pp. 67a-68b). 1. Table of tithikendras (modulo 27;59,33) according to the Brahmapaksa for 1 to 39 periods of 10 days; the effect of the varia- ===== стр 77 ===== 78 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND tion in solar motion is taken into consideration, There are 8 columns: column 1 gives avadhis 1 to 39; column 2, the tithikendra ksepas; column 3, calakas in palas; column 4, bhogaksepas; column 5, negative calakas in ghatis; column 6, negative Sesaphalas; column 7, chedas; and column 8, dhruvaksepas, which are 10 days modulo 30. Cf. table 5 of the Patcéigavidyaédhari and toble 11 of the Anony- mous of 1741. Manuscripts: BM Add 14,366 ff. 13r-13v; Oxford CS c. 319b. B ff. 1r-lv. 2. Table of naksatrakendras (modulo 27;13,49) according to the Brahmapaksa for 1 to 42 periods of 9 days. There are 6 columns corresponding to columns 1 (avadhis 1 to 42), 2, 4, 5 (positive), and 8 (9 days modulo 27) of table I. Cf, table 6 of the Paficanga- vidyadhari and table 12 of the Anonymous of 1741. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,366 ff. 14r-14v; Oxford CS c. 319b. B ff. 8r-8v. 3. Table of yogakendras (modulo 29;16,1) according to the Brahmapaksa for 1 to 46 periods of 9 days; the effect of the varia— tion in solar motion is taken into consideration, There are 8 columns corresponding to those in table 1 (the dhruvaksepa in- creased by 9 days modulo 27). Cf. table 7 of the Patcangavidya- dhari and table 13 of the Anonymous of 1741, Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,366 ff. 15r-15v; Oxford CS c. 319b. B ff. 15r-L5v. 4. Table of tithikendras (modulo 27;59,33) according to the Aryapaksa for 1 to 39 periods of 10 days. There are 8 columns as in table 1; the tithikendras in table 4 are identical with those in table 1, but the bhogaksepas differ. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,366 ff. 16r-16v; Oxford CS c, 319b. B ff. 2r-2v. 5. Table of naksatrakendras (modulo 27;13,49) according to the Aryapaksa for 1 to 42 periods of 9 days. There are 6 columns as in table 2; the naksatrakendras in table 5 are identical with those in table 2, but the bhogaksepas differ. Manuscripts: BM Add, 14,366 ff. 17r-17v; Oxford CS c. 319b. B ff, 9r-9v, ===== стр 78 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 79 6. Table of yogaksepas (modulo 29;16,1) according to the Aryapaksa for 1 to 46 periods of 9 days. There are 8 columns as in table 3; the yogakendras in table 6 are identical with those in table 3, but the bhogaksepas differ. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,366 ff. 18r-18v; Oxford CS ¢. 319». B ff. 16r—-16v. 7. Table of corrections to the tithi for 0 to 27 days horizontal, and for 0 to 59 ghatikas vertical. The maximum correction is 24;47. This is table 9 of the Paticangavidyadhari. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,366 ff. 19r-24v; Oxford CS c. 319b. B ff. 3r-Tv. 8. Table of corrections to the naksatra for 0 to 27 days horizontal, and for 0 to 59 ghatikas vertical. The maximum correc— tion is 22;56. This is table 10 of the Paftcahgavidyadhari. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,366 ff. 25r-30v; Oxford CS c. 319b B ff. 10r-14v. 9. Table of corrections to the yoga for 0 to 29 days horizontal, and for 0 to 59 ghatikas vertical. The maximum correction is 21;20. This is table 11 of the Paticdngavidyadhari. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,366 ff. 31r-36v; Oxford CS c. 319b. B ff. 17r-21v. 10. Table entitled: saksmarks&ni, i.e. “small constellations.” The horizontal argument is 1 to 28 naksatras, the vertical argument 55 to 66 ghatikas (the time required for the Moon to pass through 1 naksatra or 13;20°). The entry for naksatra 28 is always 0;0. The significance of the table remains obscure; the entries for 60 ghatikas, when the Moon’s daily progress is 13;20°, are: 1. 0,45 8. 6,1 15. 42,56 22. 4,31 2. 33,8 9. 38,24 16. 12,3 23. 3,46 3. 33,53 10. 37,10 17. 12,49 24. 31 4, 3,1 11. 37,55 18. 45,11 25. 29,22 5. 3,46 12. 9,3 19. 45,56 26. 30,7 6. 36,10 18. 9,48 20. 46,42 27. 0,45 7. 5,16 14, 10,33 21, 15,50 28, 0,0 Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,366 ff. 37r-37v. ===== стр 79 ===== 80 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 11. Table of the week-days on which the Sun enters the naksatras. BM Add. 14,366 (A) gives 32 naksatras and adds an unexplained column here called c; Oxford CS c. 319b (B) gives 29 naksatras and adds a column giving the lengths of daylight (the maximum is 33;10 ghatikas at Punarvasu, the minimum 26;50 ghatikas at Parvasadha), another giving calakas in palas, another giving varapravrttis here called d, and a last giving calakas in palas. a b ¢e d Aégvini 4;49,48 --33 7 Bharani 4;30,54 —33 27 Krttika 4;18,43 =-25 46 Rohini 4:12.33 22 61 Mrgasiras 4;11,12 A, 4;11,11 B 22-1 74 Ardra 4;13,8 19 81 Punarvasu 4;16,30 19 83 Pusya 4;19,42 21 72, Aélesa 4;20,20 23 69 Magha 4;17,15 26 54 Parvaphalguni 4;8,51 32 27 Uttaraphalguni 3;54,15 45 18 Hasta 3532,22 73 1 Citra 353,28 106 21 Svati 2327,34 333 40 Visakha 1;45,6 ++ 84 60 Anuradha 0;57,3 62 17 Jyestha 0;4,26 49 92 Mila 638,32 43 102 Parvasadha 5;10,46 B, 6:10,46 A 43 107 Uttarasidha 4:12.37 43 106 Apra 031,47 — 00 Sravana 3:15,31 56 99 Dhanistha 4:10,54 _ 00 Satabhisak 2;20,57 3 86 Tra 1:30,10 A, 1:30.20 B 137 71 Puarvabhadrapada 0:44,22 £0 52 Uttarabhadrapada 0;4,29 117 (torn) Revati 6:31.23 A, 6;3-,2- B (torn) — (torn) Asvini 6:5,19 A —_ — Bharani 6346.25 A — _ Krttika 6;34,24 A ~ _ Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,366 f. 38r; Oxford CS c. 319b. B f. 22r, ===== стр 80 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 81 12. Table of week—days on which the Sun enters the zodiacal signs. BM Add. 14,366 adds a function analogous to c¢ in table 11. Aries 4;49,48 —33 Libra 2;46,20 --244 Taurus 0;46,39 22 Scorpio 4;39,32 57 Gemini 4;11,50 20 Sagittarius 6;8,32 43 Cancer 0;48,56 19 Capricorn 0;28,11 A, 0;28,1 B 53 Leo 4;17,15 26 Aquarius 1;55,0 B, 0;55.0 A 256 Virgo 0;19,26 68 Pisces 3;43,33 84 Manuscripts; BM Add. 14,366 f. 38v; Oxford CS ¢. 319b. B f. 22v. 13. Table of yearly parameters for various functions, This is virtually table 3 of the Patcangavidyadhari. guddhi 11; 3,53 tithibhoga 1;11,42 abdapa 1;15,31 naksatrabhoga 1;18, 3 mandatithi 7;40,30 yogabhoga 1;17,52 tithidhruva 10;56, 7 tithikendra 7; 5,59 naksatradhruva 10; 2,31 naksatrakendra 7; 0,29 yogadhruva 10; 2,31 yogakendra 7;31,46 Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,366 f. 38v. 14. Table of yearly parameters and ksepakas; those for the planets are expressed in terms of tables such as those of the Mahdadevi. gunakas mean yearly motions Epact 11; 3,53,24 tithis Lord of the year 1;15,3130 days Mars 31;54, 4,81 (x 6°) 3,11;24,27, 6° Mercury’s anomaly 9; 7,30,22 54;45, 2,12 Jupiter 5; 3,30,40 30;21, 4, 0 Venus’ anomaly 37532, 5.29 3,453;12,32,54 Saturn 2; 2, 8,30 12:12,51, 0 Lunar node 19;21,30,50° The ksepakas indicate that the epoch date is Tuesday 3 March 1618. This table, then, if not the others, is due to Janardana. mean true ksepaka sidereal tropical differ- longitude longitude ence Epact 14;57,23,6 (x 12.) (Moon) 2,59;28,37° 198° —19° Lord of the year 2;49,16,30 Mars 58;21,45,20 (x 6°) 5,50;10,32 357 —T7 Mercury’s anomaly 44;52,41.30 4,29;:16.9 (Mercury) 342 11 ===== стр 81 ===== 82 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Jupiter 51;15,32,10 5, 7333,13 324 —16 Venus’ anomaly —57;38,50,0 5,45;53,0 (Venus) 338 Saturn 7; 7,40,40 46;46,4 50 —3 Lunar node —1; 0, 2,16 4,59357,44 309 —9 Manuscripts: Oxford CS c. 319b. B. £. 22v. The Mahadevi of Mahadeva. This work, whose epoch is Saka 1238 == A.D. 1316, has been discussed by O. Neugebauer and D. Pingree, ‘The Astronomical Tables of Mahadeva,” PAPhS 111, 1967, 69-92, and in SATIUS, pp. 37a-39a. The manuscripts of it described in this catalogue are: *RAS Tod 24. 63ff. Copied in Sam. 1776 — A.D. 1719. “RAS Tod 45. Ff. 1 and 1bis-77. Copied in Sam. 1789, Saka 1654 -- A.D. 1732. =CUL Add. 2557. Ff. 1-114, 126-128, 141-148, and 149-151. Copied in Sam. 1823 -= A.D. 1766. "RAS Tod 36g. 76ff. The Kaimadhenu of Mahadeva. I The Life of Mahadeva. Mahadeva gives his genealogy in verse 30 of the Kamadhenu: asit kaundinyagotre dvijakulatilako bopadevabhidhanah grautasmartarthayukto nrpaharipadayugmaradhakanam abhistah / tajiaS cakre pareSe sudrdhadhrtimatih Srimahadevanama godayam tryambakakhye nrpasadasi matah kamadhenum subodham // 30 // From this it appears that Mahadeva was the son of Bopadeva, a Brahmana of the Kaundinyagotra, and that he composed the Kamadhenu at Tryambaka (Trimbak in Maharastra, 20 miles south-west of Nasik) on the Godavari. He and his father were connected with a court, which must have been that of the Rastraudha Raja of Baglana who had been independent of the Delhi Sultans since ca. 1345; that raj4 was probably Ekadeva, the son of Nanadeva. Mahadeva’s epoch is given as Saka 1279==A.D. 1357 in verse 3: navadryarkonasakaghna gunah ksepayuta dhruvah / suddhyabdadhipakendranim madhyarkabhaganadijah //3 /’ ===== стр 82 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 83 II, Manuscripts: LDI 6700 (1491). 1f. Copied in Sam. 1527 = A.D. 1471. Baroda 3086. 2ff. Copied in Sam. 1714 = A.D. 1657. Anup 4473. 17ff. Anup 4474, 18ff. Anup 4475. 5ff. Anup 4476. 6ff. Anup 4728. 5ff. AS Bombay 242. 11ff. *RAS Tod 36f. Ff. 1-24. Ill. Tables. 1. Table of corrections to the tithikendra with haras for 0 to 27 avadhis (avadhis here are days). The maximum is 24;40 at avadhis 7 (positive) and 21 (negative). Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. f. 2r. 2. Table of corrections to the naksatrakendra with haras for 0 to 27 avadhis. The maximum is 23;48 at avadhi 6 (positive) and 22;54 at avadhi 21 (negative). Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. f. 2r. 3. Table of corrections to the yogakendra with haras for 0 to 29 avadhis. The maximum is 21;19 at avadhi 7 (positive) and 21;16 at avadhi 222 (negative). Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. f. 2r. 4. Table of the length of daylight when the Sun is in each naksatra, with a calaka. differences of dinamana calaka dinamana Asvini 30;46 3,30 +0;36 Bharani 31;44 2,25 0358 Krttika 32;22 2,44 0;38 Rohini 33;0 1,34 0;38 Mrgasiras 33522 1,8 0;22 Ardra 33;38 0,8 +0516 di 7 0,1 4 113 — Punarvasu 33;240 (33;40) 0.8 +0;2 Pusya 33;24 1,25 —0;16 (!) ===== стр 83 ===== 84 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Aslesa 33;4 2,43 0320 Magha 32:26 2,44 0;38 Purvaphalguni 31;0 3,39 1;26 (1!) Uttaraphalguni 31;0 3,22 0;0 Hasta 30;14 3,24 0;46 (*) Citra 29;28 3,34 0;42 Svati 28;40 3,9 0;48 Visakha 27;58 3,1 0;42 Anuradha 27;18 2,45 0;40 Jyestha 26;44 114 0;34 Mila 26;20 1,13 0;24 Purvasadha 26314 1,4 —0;10 Uttar asadha 26;28 1,13 +0514 di 26 12,1,13 Wy —_— Sravana 26;44 2,28 0;16 Dhanistha 27316 2,53 0;32 Satabhisak 27;54 3,26 0;38 Uttarabhadrapada 29;22 3,33 } 1:28 di 11,30 0 3,14 ; Revati 30;10 3,23 0;48 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. f. 2v. 5. Table of varapravytti (day-beginnings) for the naksatras was calakas. The varapravrtti is the equivalent of the catustaikya— ie., the sum of half the equation of daylight, the deSantara, and the equation of time. Asvini —- 2 1,24 Svati 70 1,35 Bharani +22 1,31 Visakha 91 1,30 Krttika 41 1,21 Anuradha 111 1,18 Rohini 60 0,47 Jyestha 128 0,32 Mrgasiras [2]79 (71) 0, 4<2> Mila 143 0,32 Ardra [1]71 (79) 0,34 Purvasadha 143 0,37 Punarvasu 80 0,34 Uttarasadha 136 0,37 Pusya 72 0,42 Sravana 128 0,13 Aéglesa 62 1,21 (47) Dhanistha 112 1,27 Magha 43 1,21 Satabhisak 93 1,35 Parvaphalguni +24 1,44 Puirvabhadrapada 72 1,3 Uttaraphalguni 0 1,41 Uttarabhadrapada 49 1,47 Hasta —23 1,42 Revati 25 1,41 Citra 46 1,47 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f, f. 2v. ===== стр 84 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 85 6. Table of suksmanaksatracalakas and palas. calaka palani calaka palani Asvini 0,39 0,42 Svati 36,52 40,14 Bharani 28,28 31,30 Visakha 10,21 11,17 Krttika 29, 7 31,41 Anuradha 11, 0 12, 0 Rohini 2,35 0,50 Jyestha 38,50 42,21 Mrgasiras 3,34 3,31 Mila 39,28 43,35 Ardra 31, 3 33,52 Parvasadha 40, 7 43,45 Punarvasu 4,31 4,53 Uttarasadha 13,35 14,50 Pusya 5,10 5,38 Sravana 3,34 3,31 ASlesa 33, 0 36, 0 Dhanistha 2,35 2,50 Magha 33,38 36,42 Satabhisak 25,14 27,31 Parvaphalguni 34,17 37,24 Parvabhadrapada 25,53 28,13 Uttaraphalguni 7,46 8,28 Uttarabhadrapada 0,39 0,42 Hasta 8,25 9,10 Revati 0, 0 0, 0 Citra 9, 4 9,53 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. f. 2v. 7. Table entitled siryanaksatrantaraghati (“ghatikas of the interval between the Sun and the naksatras”). Asvini 800 <8>21 Svati 700 <6>97 Bharani 800 28 Visakha 700 92 Krttika 800 24 (34) Anuradha 700 87 Rohini 800 39 Jyestha 700 4 Mrgasiras 800 42 Mila 700 82 Ardra 800 44 Purvasadha 700 82 Punarvasu 800 43 Uttarasadha 700 82 Pusya 800 41 $ravana 700 86 ASlesa 800 37 Dhanistha 700 88 Magha 800 31 Satabhisak 700 94 Parvaphalgunj 800 25 Purvabhadrapad4 800 <80>1 Uttaraphalguni 800 18 Uttarabhadrapada 800 8 Hasta 800 lL Revati 800 13 Citra 800 4 _ —_— 21,660 367;24 days Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f, f. 3r. ===== стр 85 ===== 86 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 8. Table of accurate tithikendras for 1 to 13 months with calakas measured in palas. I add a column of differences. tithikendras calakas differences 1 0;10,38 — 2. 258,38 — 8 1;58,0 3. 4;4,34 11 155,56 4, 5;59,34 9 1;55,0 5. 7355,1 6 1355,27 6. 9;52,11 —1 1;57,10 7. 11;51,53 +5 1;59,42 8. 13;54,18 9 252,25 9. 15;58,58 1 2;4,40 10, 18;4,47 11 2;5,49 11. 20;10,24 8 2:5,37 12. 22:14,32 +3 2:48 13, 24:16,14 —3 231,42 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. f. 3v. 9. Table of the week-days on which the tithis begin for 1 to 13 months; the ramabija is included. Calakas are also given. varas calakas 1 0;10,28 —0,59 2. 1;40,52 1,7 3. 358,42 1,7 4, 4;35,4 1,7 5. 631,32 1,3 6. 7;29,43 0,58 7. 20,10 0,53 8. 3;33,49 0,49 9. 5;9,1 0,47 10 6;45,23 0,48 11. 1;22,6 0,51 12. 2;58,12 0,56 1B. 4;3,18 0,57 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. f. 3v. 10. Table of yearly parameters according to the Aryapaksa. Cf. table 21 Epact 11;3,53,22,39 tithis Lord of the Year 1;15,31,15,0 days Tithikendra 7;9,41,52,24 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. f. 3v. ===== стр 86 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 87 11. Table of epoch positions. Cf. table 22. Epact 7;59,58,1,2 tithis Lord of the Year 3;14,44,16,0 days Tithikendra 5;16,15,17,54 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. f. 3v. 12. Table of corrections for the tithi for 0 to 27 days horizon- tal and for 1 to 60 ghatis vertical; the table is normed so as to be always positive by the addition of 1 day to all entries. The maxi- mum is 1;24,47 at day 6, ghatis 34 to 37; the minimum 0;35,13 at day 21, ghatis 23 to 27. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. ff. 4r-9v. 18. Table of week-days on which the Sun enters each of the 27 naksatras, identical with column 1 of table 4 of the Anonymous of 1594 (SATIUS, vp. 54a-55a). ASvini 4;49,28 Svati 2;27,20 Bharani 4;30,37 Visakha 1;44,56 Krttika 4;18,26 Anurédh& 0;56,52 Rohini 4;12,20 Jyestha 0; 4,15 Mrgaigiras 4;11,0 Mila 6; 8,21 Ardra 4;13,2 Purvasadha 5;10,34 Punarvasu 4;16,26 Uttarasadha 4;12,22 Pusya 4;19,26 Sravana 3315,12 ASiesa 4;20,21 Dhanistha 2;20,36 Magha 4;17,10 Satabhisak 1;29,48 Parvaphalguni 4; 8,47 Parvaphalguni 0;44,21 Uttaraphalguni 3353,54 Uttaraphalguni 0; 4,11 Hasta 3;32,23 Revati 6;31,4 Citra 3; 3,17 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. f. 10r. 14. Table of week—days on which the Sun enters each of the 12 zodiacal signs, Aries 4;49,28 Leo 4;17,10 Sagittarius 6; 8,21 Taurus 0;46,23 Virgo 0;19,12 Capricorn 0;27,55 Gemini 4;11,44 Libra 2;46,12 Aquarius 1;54,42 Cancer 0;48,52 Scorpio 4;39,22 Pisces 4;43,33 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. f. 10r. 15. Table of the naksatrakendras for 1 to 14 sidereal months. The monthly difference computed from months 2 to 13 is 0:13.48 27, ...: from 2 to 14 it is 0;13,47,40. ===== стр 87 ===== 88 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 1. 0; 0,0 8. 25;37,9 2. 27; 0,0 9. 25;23,21 3. 26;46,12 10, 25; 9,33 4, 26;32,23 11. 24;55,44 5. 26318,35 12. 24;41,55 6. 26; 4,46 13. 24;28,7 7. 25;50,58 14, 24;14,28 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. f. 11r. 16. Table of the week-days on which naksatras begin with their calakas for 1 to 14 sidereal months. 1. 0; 0,0 +45 8. 2315,0 41 2. 6;20,13 44 9. 1;33,45 41 3. 5;40,0 42 10. 0;52,15 41 4, 4;59,12 42 11. 0;11,2 43 5. 4;18,10 42 12. 6;30,19 44 6. 3;37,3 42 13. 5;50,13 45 7. 2:56,3 42 14, 5;10,27 +45 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. f. 1ir. 17. Table of yogakendras with their calakas for 1 to 15. 1. 29; 6,27 +4 6. 18; 3,8 5 11, 4;36,5 9 2. 26;52,12 12 7, 15;39,13 +1 12. 4;16,50 8 3. 24;39,25 14 8. 13;33,35 -3 13. 1;57,8 5 4. 22;27,30 18 9. 11;16,0 7 14. 28;54,44 —2 5. 20;15,40 8 10, 8;57,6 9 15. 26383 +2 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. f. 11r. 18. Table of week-days on which yogas begin with their calakas for 1 to 15. 1. 6;50,58 —3,25 6. 1;13,33 3,26 11, 2;11,41 3.40 2. 4;18,43 3,22 q. 5;40,26 3,30 12. 6;31,29 3,38 3. 1;47,30 3,22 8. 3; 5,46 © 3,34 13. 335422 3,34 4. 6316,36 3,22 9. 5;29,11 3,36 14, 1;17,54 3,30 5. 3;45,26 3,24 = 10. 4;50,57 3,40 15. 5;43,23 —3,26 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. f. 11r. 19. Table of corrections for the naksatras for 0 to 27 days horizontal and for 0 to 59 ghatikas vertical; the table is normed so as to be always positive by the addition of 1 day to each entry. The maximum is 1;22,56 at day 6, ghatis 25 to 29: the minimum 0;37,4 at day 20, ghatis 47 to 50. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. ff. 11v-17r. ===== стр 88 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 89 20. Table of corrections for the yoga for 0 to 29 days horizon— tal, and 0 to 59 ghatis vertical; the table is normed so as to be positive by adding 1 day to each entry. The maximum is 1;21,22 at day 6, ghatis 59; the minimum 0;38,40 at day 22, ghatis 16 to 24. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. ff. 17v-23r. 21. Table of yearly parameters. Cf. table 10. Epact 11; 3,53,22,39 tithis Lord of the Year 1;15,31,15, 0 days Tithi 7; 9,41,52,24 Naksatra 6358, 0,14,23 Yoga 7;29,15,56,13 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. f. 23v. 22. Table of epoch positions. Cf. table 11. Epact 7;59,58, 1, 2 tithis Lord of the Year 3;14,44,16, 0 days Tithi 5;16,15,17,54 Naksatra 5; 7,38,54, 1 Yoga 5;30,39,24,7 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36f. f. 23v. The Kalpalata. Il. The Kalpalata The Kalpalata is a short anonymous astronomical text consist~ ing of three chapters; a paficangaprakarana, a candragrahana, and a suryagrahana. The first verse gives its epoch date as Saka 1281= A.D. 1359. sako bhiigajabhaskarair virahito’tyastyahato ’dhahsthito yukto devagunair adho’mrtakarapranendudasrair yutah/ bhakto’sau turagaSakufijarakhagair labdhona trdhvo hrto nagabhrabdhibhir aptayug bhavahrtah Sesam bhavrndam bhavet //1//. If. Manuscripts: *IO 2464a, 28ff. Il. Tables 1. Table of tithis in 6 columns. Column 1 gives 0 to 12 synodic months, column 2, the tithikendras modulo co 27;59,33, column 3, 12 ===== стр 89 ===== 90 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND an unexplained function, column 4 repeats column 1, column 5 gives the week-days, and column 6, the “gatadhanani.” I give below columns 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 2. ; 544,39 7;42,42 9;38,38 11;33,40 13;29,10 15;26,21 17536, 3 3. 0;59,56 0359,52 0;59,50 0;59,51 0;59,54 0;59,59 1; 0, 5 5. 5;56,18 0;26,51 «1;54,45 «3:21, 4 4;47,28 «315,33 0,43, 6. 59, 1 58,56 58,53 58,53 58,56 59, 1 59, 6 1. 7 8 9 10 11 12 2. 19;28,21 21;33,12 25339, 3 -25;44,44 —-27;48,54 1;50,38 3. 1; 0, 9 1; 0,12 4; 0,11 1; 6,8 1; 0, 3 0;59,58 5. 2319,20 354,23 5;30,44 «0; 7,87 = «1;43,47 3318, 5 6. 59,10 59,13 59,14 59,12 59, 9 59, 5 Manuscripts: IO 2464a. f. 4r. 2. Table of corrections of the tithi for 0 to 13 days horizontal and for 0 to 59 ghatikas vertical The maximum correction is 24;44 ghatikas at day 7, ghatikas 0 to 3. Manuscripts: IO 2464a. ff. 4v-llv. 3. Table of naksatras in 6 columns.. Celumns 1 and 4 give 0 to 13 sidereal months, column 2, the naksatrakendras, column 3, an undefined function, here a constant 61,42 column 5, the week- days, and column 6 another undefined function. I give below a copy of columns 1, 2, 5, and 6. ; | 1 2 3 4 5 6 2. 5;34, 0 5;19,48 5; 5,36 4;51,24 4337,12 4;23, 0 4; 848 5. 5345,52 5; 6,12 4326, 3 3345,16 3; 4, 8 2322,54 1;41,49 6. 60,45 60,44 60,43 60,42 60,42 60,42 60,42 i. 7 8 9 10 41 12 13 2. 335437 «334025 -3;26,138 3312, LS 2357,49 —-2343,87 «219,25 5. 1; 0,37 0;19,12 65;37,38 5;56,23 5;15,49 4335,52 3;56,19 6. 60,41 60,41 60,42 60,43 60,45 60,45 60,46 Manuscripts: IO 2464a. f. 12r. 4. Table of corrections of the naksatra for 0 to 13 days hori- zontal and for 0 to 59 ghatikas vertical. The maximum correction is 22;53 at day 7, ghatikas 0 to 3. Manuscripts: IO 2464a. ff. 12v-19v. ===== стр 90 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 91 5. Table of yogas in 6 columns. Columns 1 and 4 give 0 to 14, column 2, the yogakendras, column 3, an undefined function, column 5, the week—days, and column 6, an undefined function, I give below a copy of columns 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6. 1. 0 1 2 3 ‘ 4 2. 5;24,50 3;16,23 1; 9,21 27; 3,9 24;57, 1 3. 57,28 57,31 57,33 57,33 57,32 5. 5;36,52 3; 4,43 0;33,32 5; 2,37 23;31,24 6. 56,35 56,37 56,38 56,37 56,36 1. 5 6 7 8 9 2. 22;50,14 20;42, 9 18;32,23 16;20,22 14; 7,52 3. 57,29 57,25 57,21 57,18 57,16 5. 6;59,25 4;26,13 1;51,24 6;14,42 3;36,19 6. 56,33 56,29 56,25 56,21 56,19 1. 10 11 12 13 14 2. 11;53,55 9;39,44 7;26, 5 5;13,28 3; 2,51 3. 57,15 57,16 57,19 57,23 57,26 5. 0;57, 2 5;17,55 2:39,53 0; 3,38 4;29,15 6. 56,20 56,22... 56,26 56,30 56,33 Manuscripts: IO 2464a. f. 20r. 6. Table of corrections of yogas for 0 to 18 days horizontal and for 0 to 59 ghatikas vertical, The maximum correction is 21;20 at day 6, ghatika 59. Manuscripts: IO 2646a. ff. 20v—27v. 7. Table of week-days on which the Sun enters each of the 12 zodiacal] signs with the corresponding half-equations of daylight expressed in palas. Aries 3;34,24 + 26 Libra 1;30,43 — 26 Taurus 6;29,41 78 Scorpio 3322,22 78 Gemini 2;56,6 111 Sagittarius 4352.23 111 Cancer 6;35,46 112 Capricorn 6;14,29 112 Leo . 3; 5,33 78 Aquarius 0;42,44 78 Virgo 6; 6,21 + 29 Pisces 2;30,56 — 29 Manuscripts: IO 2464a. f. 28r. 8. Table of week-days on which the Sun enters each of the 27 naksatras with the corresponding half-equations of daylight. Manuscripts: IO 2464a, f. 28r, ===== стр 91 ===== 92 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 9. Table entitled pispamti bhadhruva, only partially filled in. There are 16 lines in 2 columns, Manuscripts: IO 2646a. f. 28v. 10. Table entitled ravikada. prathama yamyayana saumyayana Cancer ~3 — 6 Capricorn +3 +6 Leo —8 —10 Aquarius +8 +10 Virgo —10 —U Pisces +10 +11 Libra —11 —10 Aries +11 +10 Scorpio —8 —6 Taurus + 8 +6 Sagittarius —3 0 Gemini +3 0 Manuscripts: IO 2464a. f. 28v. 11, Table of unknown import. Aries 39 Pisces Taurus 34 Aquarius Gemini 27 Capricorn Cancer 18 Sagittarius Leo 10 Scorpio Virgo 4 Libra Manuscripts: IO 2464a. f. 28. The Makaranda of Makaranda For this work, composed in Saka 1400=A.D. 1478, see SATIUS, pp. 39b-46b. The manuscripts of the Makaranda describ- ed in this catalogue are: *BM Add. 26,448a. 5ff. *IO 2476a. 27f£. *Oxford CS g. 17. Ff. 2-10 and 110-117. See also commentaries by: Divakara: *CUL Add. 2455. 11ff. *IO 2476c. 11ff. Purusottama: *CUL Add. 2430. 8ff. Copied in Sam. 1887==A.D. 1830. *IO 520d. 16ff. Visvanatha: *IO 1681b. 26ff. Copied in Sam. 1841 = A.D. 1785. CUL Add. 2407. 27ff. Copied in Sam. 1901, Saka *CUL Add. 2407. 27ff. Copied in Sam. 1901, Saka 1766 — A.D. 1844. *IO 2476b. 24ff. ; *IO Mackenzie IT 48c, 25ff. Harikarna: *BM Add. 26,448a. 5ff. ===== стр 92 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 93 The Grahalaghavasarim I. I. The Grahalaghavasarini I. This set of tables is based on the Grahalighava of Ganeéa, whose epoch is 18 March 1520; cf. the Gruhalaéghaviyamadhya- maspastarkasarini in SATIUS, p. 50b and the Grahalaghavasarini II in SATIUS, pp. 69a—70a, as well as the Grahasarani of Ganeadhara described below. Like the Anonymous of 1520 (S.ATIUS, pp. 46b— 47b) and the GrahaprabodhasGrint of Yadava, the Grahalaghava- sarini I uses dhruvankas of 4016 days in its mean motion tables. One manuscript (Oxford CS d. 774g) begins with dhruvanka 1. whose positions indicate the date 17 March 1531, which is 4016 days after 18 March 1520. true tropical dhruvanka 1 longitudes differences Sun 5,47;51,49° 6° —18° Moon 5,45;19,49 5,53 —8 Lunar apogee 4,14;48 Lunar node : —3, 5312 —2,48 —17 Mars 4,11;36 4,57 —45 Mercury’s anom. 2,26; 6 (Mercury) 18 Jupiter 3, 5;58 3,23 —17 Venus’ anom, 3, 6; 7 (Venus) 5,58 Saturn 59;39 18 —8 Two manuscripts (IO 2083b and RAS Tod 36d) contain a recen- sion which begins with dhruvanka 3; the positions there indicate the date 13 March 1553, which is 4016 x 3 days from 18 March 1520. true tropical dhruvafika 3 longitudes differences Sun 5,44;13,21° 3° 19° Moon 5,38;47,27 5,52 —13 Lunar apogee 1, 9;18 Lunar node —4,10;50 3354 —17 Mars 2,20;32 24 +17 Mercury’s anom. 4,19;12 (Mercury) 5,35 Jupiter 2,13;22 2,26 —13 Venus’ anom. 1,38; 3 (Venus) 39 Saturn 5,28;15 5,39 —i1 ===== стр 93 ===== 94 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND It appears from the colophon of RAS Tod 36d on f. 14v that this recension was made by Ripavijaya gani, the vacaka; for it reads: iti grahalaghavasaérani sampurnah .'/ ganirdpavijayavacakakrte. Riupavijaya gani is mentioned again in RAS Tod 45 as the teacher’s teacher of the scribe Bhojavijaya, who copied that manuscript in 1732. The invocation on f. lv of RAS Tod 64d is: érijayavijaya— ganicaranakamalebhyo namah; Jayavijaya gani is probably Rapa- vijaya’s teacher. A third recension (RAS Tiod 36a) begins with dhruvanka 11 beginning on 27 February 1641, which is 4016 x 11 days from 18 March 1520. true tropical dhruvanka 11 longitudes differences Sun 5,29;39,59° 5,49° —19° Moon 5, 7337,59 5,25 —1T Lunar apoges 47;18 Lunar node —2,33;32 —2,15 —18 Mars 56316 50 +6 Mercury’s anom. 5,51;36 (Mercury) 5,38 Jupiter 4,42;58 5,3 —20 Venus’ anom. 1,45;47 (Venus) 30 Saturn 5,22;39 5,35 —12 A fourth version, described under Grahalaghavasarini I A, is found in RAS Tod 57. II. Manuscripts *RAS Tod 57. 15ff. Copied in Sam. 1777 = A.D. 1720. *IO 2083b. Fi. 1-2 and 4-8. *Oxford CS d. 774g. Ff. 1-8, 10-14, 9, and 2bis. *RAS Tod 36a, 12ff. *RAS Tod 36d. 14ff. III. Tables The tables of planetary mean motions are for 1 to 9, 10 to 90, 100 to 900, and 1000 to 4000 days, and for 1 to 30 dhruvankas of 4016 days each. The mean daily motions (derived from the entries for 60 days) are: ===== стр 94 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 95 Saturn 0; 2, 0,23, 4° Mercury’s anomaly 3; 6,24, 8, 7° Jupiter 0; 4,59, 8,34 Moon 13;10,34,51,55 Mars 0;31,26,31, 3 Lunar apogee 0; 6,40,51,25 Sun 0;59, 8,10,16 Lunar node —0; 3,10,48,24 Venus’ anomaly 0;36,59,40, 7 1. Table of the mean motion of the Sun. The motion for 400 days is 115 12;24,45,41’, which implies a mean daily motion of 0;59,8,10,16, ...°. . Manuscripts: IO 2083b. f. Ir; Oxford CS d. 774g. £. lv; RAS Tod 36a. f. lv; RAS Tod 36d. f. lv. 2. Table of the mean motion of the Moon, The motion for 400 days is 4° 25;24,22,10°, which implies a mean daily motion of 13;10,34,51,55, ...°. Manuscripts: 10 2083b. f. Ir; Oxford CS d. 774g. f. 2r and f. zbis r; RAS Tod 36a. ff. lv-2r; RAS Tod 36d. ff. iv-2r. 3. Table of the mean motion of the lunar apogee. The motion for 4000 days is 28 25;23,48,34°, which implies a mean daily motion of 0;6,40,51,8, ...°. Manuscripts: 10 2083b. ff. lr-lv; Oxford CS d. 774g. f. 2v and f. 2bis v; RAS Tod 36a. f. 2r; RAS Tod 36d f. 2r. 4. Table of the mean motion of the lunar node. The motion for 4000 days is -7S 2;0,28,4°, which implies a mean daily motion of —0;3,10,48,25, ...°. Manuscripts: IO 2083b. f. lv; Oxford CS d. 774g. f. 3r; RAS Tod 36a. ff. 2r-2v; RAS Tod 36d. ff, 2r-2v. 5. Table of the mean motion of Mars. The motion for 4000 days is 9° 26;7,50,39°, which implies a mean daily motion of 0;31,26, 31,3, ...°. Manuscripts: IO 2083b. ff. 1v-2r; Oxford CS d. 774g. f. 3v; RAS Tod 36a. f. 2v; RAS Tod 36d. ff. 2v-3r. 6. Table of the mean motion of Mercury’s anomaly. The motion for 4000 days is 65 6;49,1,21°, which implies a mean daily motion of 3;6,24,8,7,...°. Manuscripts: IO 2083b. f. 2r; Oxford CS d. 774g. f. 4r; RAS Tod 36a. ff. 2v-3r; RAS Tod 36d. f. 3r. ===== стр 95 ===== 36 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 7. Table of the mean motion of Jupiter, The motion for 4000 days is 11° 2;22,51,26°, which implies a mean daily motion of 0;4,59,8,34, ...°. Manuscripts: 10 2083b. f. 2r; Oxford CS d. 774g. f. 4v; RAS Tod 36a. f. 3r; RAS Tod 36d, ff. 3r-3v. 8. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ anomaly. The motion for 4000 days is 10% 6;17,54,2°, which implies a mean daily motion of 0;36,59,40,6, ...°. Manuscripts: IO 2083b. ff. 2r-2v; Oxford CS d. 774g. f. Sr; RAS Tod 36a. f. 3r-3v; RAS Tod 36d. f. 3v. 9. Table of the mean motion of Saturn. The motion for 4000 days is 4° 13;45,38,27°, which implies a mean daily motion of 0;2,0,23,4,...°. Manuscripts: IO 2083b. f£. 2v; Oxford CS d. 774g. f. 5v; RAS Tod 36a. f. 3v. B. Tables of planetary equations, Each of these tables has 3 columns. The first contains the argument: 1° to 90° for the equation of the center, 1° to 180° for the equation of the conjunction. The second gives the equation in degrees, minutes, and seconds, And the third indicates the increment to (or decrease from) the mean daily motion in degrees and minutes. The tables for the equations of the center also give the longitudes of the planets’ apogees. 10. Table of the equation of the center of the Sun. The apogee is at 78° (Oxford CS d. 774g also gives it as Gemini 17516, 51°); the maximum equation is 2;10,45°, Manuscripts: 10 2083b. £. 2v; Oxford CS d. 774g. ff. 7r-7v; RAS Tod 36a. f. 4r; RAS Tod 36d. f. 5r-5v; RAS Tod 57 f. 6r. 11. Table of the equation of the center of the Moon. The maximum equation is 5;1,40°. Manuscripts: Oxford CS d. 774g. ff. 7v-8r; RAS Tod 36a. f. 4v; RAS Tod 36d. ff. 5v-6r; RAS Tod 57 f. 6v. 12. Table of the equation of the center of Mars. The apogee is at 120°, the maximum equation is 13;0°. Manuscripts: Oxford CS d. 774g. f. 8v; RAS Tod 36a. f. or; RAS Tod 36d. ff. 6r-6v; RAS Tod 57 £. 7r. ===== стр 96 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 97 13. Table of the equation of the center of Mercury. The apogee is at 210°, the maximum equation is 3;36’. Manuscripts: IO 2083b. f. 4r; Oxford CS d. 774g. f. 10v; RAS Tod 36a, f. 6v; RAS Tod 36d. ff. 6v-7r; RAS Tod 57 f. 7v. 14. Table of the equation of the center of Jupiter. The apogee is at 180°, the maximum equation 5;42’. Manuscripts: I0 2083b. ff. 4r-4v; Oxford CS d, 774g. ff. 11v-12r; RAS Tod 36a. f. 8r; RAS Tod 36d. ff. 7v-8r; RAS Tod 57 f. 8r. 15. Table of the equation of the center of Venus. The apogee is at 60° (read 90°), the maximum equation 1;30’. Manuscripts: IO 2083b. f. 4v; Oxford CS d. 774g. ff. 13r-13v; RAS Tod 36a. f. 9v; RAS Tod 36d, ff. 8r-8v; RAS Tod 57 f. 8v. 16. Table of the equation of the center of Saturn. The apogee is at 240°, the maximum equation 9;18”. Manuscripts: IO 2083b. ff. 4v-5r; Oxford CS d. 774g. f. 14v; RAS Tod 36a. f. llr; RAS Tod 36d. ff. 8v-9r; RAS Tod 57 f. 9r. 17. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Mars, The maximum equation is 40° at an argument of 135’. Manuscripts: I0 2083b. ff. 5r-6r; Oxford CS d. 774g. Hf. 8v-9r; RAS Tod 36a. ff. 5v-6r; RAS Tod 36d. ff. 9r-10r; RAS Tod 57 ff. Sv-10r. 18. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Mercury. The maximum equation is 21;12~ at an argument of 105° to 120°. Manuscripts: IO 2083b. ff. 6r-6v; Oxford CS d. 774g. ff. 9v—-10v; RAS Tod 36a. ff. 7r-7v; RAS Tod 36d. ff. 10r-11r; RAS Tod 57 ff. 10v-I1r. 19. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Jupiter. The maximum equation is 10;48° at an argument of 105°. Manuscripts: 10 2083b. ff. 6v-7Tr; Oxford CS d. 774g. ff. 11r-1l1v; RAS Tod 36a. ff. 8v-9r; RAS Tlod 36d. ff. 11r-12r; RAS Tod.57 ff. 1lv-l2r, 20. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Venus, The maximum equation is 46;6° at an argument of 135°. Manuscripts: IO 2083b. ff. 7r-7v; Oxford CS d. 774g. ff. 12r-13r; RAS Tod 36a. ff. 10r-10v; RAS Tod 36d. ff. 12r-13v; RAS Tod 57 ff. 12v-13r. 13 ===== стр 97 ===== 98 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 21. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Saturn, The maximum equation is 5;42° at an argument of 90” to 105”. Manuscripts: 10 2083b. ff. 7v-8r; Oxford CS d. 774g. ff. 18v—14r; RAS Tod 36a. ff. 11v-12r; RAS Tod 36d, ff. 183v-14v; RAS Tod 57 ff. 13y-l4r. The Grahalaghavasarin I A, 1 The Grahalaghavasariitr 1 A. In this work, thouzh the tables of the planetary equations are identical with those of the Grahaléghavasaérini I ana the mean motions are like those of that text derived from the Grahalaghava of Ganeéga, the arrangement of the mean motion tables diifers. The ksepakas, given in column 0 of the final segments of the mean motion tables, are identical with those of the Anonymous of 1520; the epoch then is 18 March 1520. II. Manuscripts, *RAS Tod 57. 15ff. Copied in Sam. 1777 — A.D. 1720. *Oxford CS g.17. F, 118r. *RAS Tod 36d. 14ff. Ill. Tables. 1. Table of the mean motion of the Sun for 1 to 30 days, for 1 to 11 “months” of 30 days eaca, for 1 to 11 “years” ot 360 days each, and for 0 to 30 periods of 4016 days each; all of the mean motion tables are arranged in this way. The daily mean motion of the Sun is 0;59,8,10,17°. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 57 £. lv. 2. Table of the mean motion of the Moon; the mean daily motion is 13;10,34,51,55, ...°. Manuscripts: Oxf. CS g. 17 f. 118r; RAS Tod 57 £. 2r. 3. Table of the mean motion of the lunar apogee; the mean daily motion is 0;6,40,51,25, ...°. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 57 f. 2v. 4, Table of the mean motion of the lunar node; the mean daily motion is ~9;3.10,48,35,...°. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 57 f. 3r. ===== стр 98 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 99 5. Table of the mean motion of Mars; the mean daily motion is 0;31,26,31,3, ...°. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 57 f. 3v. 6. Table of the mean motion of Mercury’s anomaly; the mean daily motion is 3;6,24,8,7,...°. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 57 f. 4r. 7. Table of the mean motion of Jupiter; the mean daily motion is 0;4,59,8,34, ...°. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 57 f. 4v. 8. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ anomaly; the mean daily motion is 0;36,59,40,8, ...°. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 57 f. 5r. 9. Table of the mean motion of Saturn; the mean daily motion is 0;2,0,23,4,...°. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 57 f. 5v. 10 to 21 equal tables 10 to 21 of Grahalaighavasarini I. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 57 ff. 6r-14r. 22. Table of the mean motion of the Sun for 1 to 9 days and for 10 to 60 days; tables 22 to 30 are set up in the same way. The mean daily motion is 0;59,8,10°. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36d. f. 4r; RAS Tod 57 f. 14v. 23. Table of the mean motion of the Moon for 1 to 9 days and for 10 to 60 days. The mean daily motion is 13:10,35,52°. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36d. f. 4r; RAS Tod 57 f. 14v. 24. Table of the mean motion of the lunar apogee for 1 to 9 days and for 10 to 60 days. The mean daily motion is 0;6,40,51°. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36d. f. 4r; RAS Tod 57 f. 14v. 25. Table of the mean motion of Mars for 1 to 9 days and for 10 to 60 days. The mean daily motion is 0:31,26,31°. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36d. ff. 4r-4v; RAS Tod 57 f. 14v. 26. Table of the mean motion of Mercury’s anomaly for 1 to 9 days and for 10 to 60 days. The mean daily motion is 3:6,24,0°, Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36d, f. 4v; RAS Tod 57 ff. 14v—15r. ===== стр 99 ===== 160 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 27. Table of the mean motion of Jupiter for 1 to 9 days and for 10 to 60 days. The mean daily motion is 0;4,59,8°. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36d. f. 4v; RAS Tod 57 f. 15r. 28. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ anomaly for 1 to 9 days and for 10 to 60 days. The mean daily motion is 0;36,59,40°. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36d. f. 4v; RAS Tod 57 f, 15r. 29. Table of the mean motion of Saturn for 1 to 9 days and for 10 to 60 days. The mean daily motion is 0;2,0,23°. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36d. ff. 4v-5r; RAS Tod 57 f. 15r. 30. Table of the mean motion of the lunar node for 1 to 9 days and for 10 to 60 days. The mean daily motion is -0;3,10,48°. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 57 f. 15r. 31. Table entitled pratyabdam bija (“yearly bijas’)- bu u (Mercury’s apogee?) 8°28,32,41,59 Suu (Venus’ apogee?) 0,28.38,46, 9 u (apogee?) 0,11,12,54,52 su (epact) 11; 3,53,22.40 tithis abda (Lord of the Year) 1;15,31,31,24 days Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36d. f. 5r; RAS Tod 57 f. 15r. 32. Table of yearly mean motions. Sun 0; 0, 0, 0° Mercury’s anomaly 54;45,22.48° Moon 2,12;46,43, 0 Jupiter 30;21, 3,36 Lunar anomaly 1,32; 5,40,47 Venus’ anomaly 3,45311,44,25 Lunar node -19;21,12,12 Saturn 12;12,53.36 Mars 3,11:24, 9, 0 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36d. f. 5r; RAS Tod 57 f. 15r. 33. Table of mean motions in 7 days. Sun 6;53,52,12° Mars 3:40, 5,37° Lunar apogee 0;46,46, 0 Mercury’s anomaly 21:44,4857 Moon 1,32;14, 7,11 Jupiter 0;34,54, 0 —~ 46;48, 0 .0 Venus’ anomaly 4;18,57,40 Lunar node --0;22,15,36 Saturn 0:14, 2.21 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36d. f. 5r; RAS Tod 57 f. 15r. The Tithicintamani of GaneSa For this work, written in Saka 1447 ~ A-D. 1525, see SATIUS pp. 47b-50b, The manuscripts of it described in this catalogu» are: ===== стр 100 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 101 *JO 2000. 28ff. Copied in Saka 1705 = A.D. 1783. *JO 1990b. 3ff. Copied in Saka 1718 — A.D. 1796. “BM Add. 14,365f. A 4ff. and B 8ff. Brhattithicintamani of Ganesa. For this work, composed in Saka 1474==A.D. 1552, see SATIUS, pp. 50b-5la. The manuscripts of it described in this catalogue are: *BM Add. 14,3638. 1f. *BM Add. 14,365 m. Pp. 1-6. *BM Add. 26,448c. Ff. 9-10, 89-90, 123-132, 135-136, and 138-146. See also the commentary by Visnu: BM Add. 14,365n. Pp. 1-15. Candrarki of Dinakara. For this work, written in Saka 1500 — A.D. 1578, see SATIUS, pp. 51b-53a. The manuscripts of it described in this catalogue are: *Oxford Walker 208b. 7ff. *RAS Tod 24f. 3r. See also Dinakara’s own tippana: 10 254le. 2ff. The Khetasiddhi of Dinakara. I. The Life of Dinakara, See SATIUS, p. 51b, and the manuscripts of the Candrarki cescribed above (IO 254le and Oxford Walker 208b). Vss. 35-36 of his Khetasiddhi are as follows: Srimadgotre kausike sagniko’bha dumdakhyc’yam jfiatimodhe prasitah / khyato grame brahmamatyah samipe barejyakhye vipravarjyair vikirne '’35 // tatpautrajo dinakarah sakalani kheta- karm&ni viksya satatam hi savasanani / cakre gake khakhatithipramite ca samvat pamcagnibhipatimite laghukhetaddhih (read ddhim) 1/36 // ===== стр 101 ===== 102 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND These verses confirm that Dinakara was the great-grandson of the sagnika (maintainer of a sacred fire) Dunda of the Modha family and the Kausika gotra, who lived at Barejya near the Brahmamati. Dinakara states that he wrote the Khetasiddhi in Saka 1500, Sam. 1635 == A.D. 1578; the date Monday 31 March 1578 is indicated by the ksepakas in table 4. mean true ksepakas sidereal tropical differ- longitudes longitudes ences Epact 22;19,34,10, 0 tithis Lord of the year 1;24,57,12,30 days Moon 22;19,33,53,50(x 12”) —4,27354,46,46, 0° 5,6° —38° Lunar apogee 0;27,17,18,15 53;27,44,57, 0 Mars 20;58,59,52,45 4,11;47,58,33, 0 5, 3 —51 Mercury’s anomaly 19;47, 2,40,23 3,56;24,32, 4,36 (Mercury) 5,54 Jupiter 14;37,52,14,15 2,55;34,27, 5, 0 3,7 -11 Venus’ anomaly 28;27,17,56,30 5,41;27,35,18, 0 (Venus) 9 Saturn 22:37, 2,13, 0 4,29;24,26,36, 0 4,54 —25’ Lunar node -~1;20,16,27,49 -—16; 3,17,33,48 2 —18 For a discussion of these ksepas, see below p. 104. That Dinakara came from Gujarat is confirmed by the fact that table 5 is entitled: ramabija // gurjarapradeSa; see also table 42 where both gurjura and saurastra are mentioned. II, Manuscripts: “IO 2648. 91ff. Copied in Sam. 1693, Saka 1559 —~ A.D. 1€37. Gondal 35. 8ff. Copied in Sam. 1793 -- A.D. 1736. BORI 303 of 1882 ‘83. 6ff. Copied in Sam. 1796 -— A.D. 1739. Oudh IV (1874) VIII 1. 12pp. Copied in A.D. 1856. Property of Sivanatha of Unao Zila. Anup 4503. 83ff. Probably identical with PL, Biihler IV E 45. 84ff. Property of Jayakrsna of Sudamapuri. Buhler notes the existence of another copy. Baroda 1081. 5ff. Jaipur. 3ff. RORI 4731. 30ff, ===== стр 102 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 103 Ill. Tables An examination of these tables will reveal that they are not all derived trom one work. Tables 1 to 3, 15 to 20, and 47 to 49 are probably not from the Khetasiddhi, 1. Table of the beginnings of the naksatracaranas. Manuscripts: 10 2648 B £. lr. 2. Table of the (approximate) quotients of 800’ (=: 13;20°, a naksatra) divided by various numbers: 1 800 8 100 18 44 28 29 52 15 Le 550 9 90 19 42 34 24 55 14 2 400 10 80 20 40 37 22 56 14 abe 320 il 72 21 38 39 20 58 1342 3 270 12 67 22 36 41 19 60 13 3% 240 13 61 23 35 43 184o 64 1232 4 200 14 57 24 33 45 18 66 12 5 160 15 53 25 32 46 17 69 1142 6 133 16 20 26 31 48 17 72 11 7 114 17 47 27 30 49 16 73 10% Manuscripts: 10 2648 B f. lv. 3. Table of the week-days on which the Sun enters each of the 27 naksatras (the manuscript reads 1-18, 18-26). The entries are given, for 1 to 18 and 26 (= 27), as negative quantities; the numbers in parentheses are the differences between 7 and those negative quantities. ASvini —-2;10,30 + (4;49,30) Svati 4;31,51 (2328, 9) Bharani 2329,45 (4;30,15) Visakha 5,14, 0 (146, 0) Krttika 2;42,10 (4317,50) Anuradha 6; 1,40 (0;58,20) Rohini 2;48,32 (4311,28) Jyestha —6;54, 0 (0; 6, 0) Mrgasiras 2;49,50 (4;10,10) Mala +6;10,10 Ardra 2347,50 (4;12,10) Purvasadha 5;12,37 Punarvasu 2344,10 (4;15,50) Uttarasadha 4;14,55 Pusya 2;40,57 (4519, 3) Sravana 3317,46 Aslesa 2;39,53 (4520, 7) Dhanistha 2323, 0 Magha 2;42,46 (4;17,14) Satabhisak 131,50 Parvaphalguni 2351, 2 (4; 8,58) Parvabhadra- Uttaraphalguni 3; 5,47 (3;54,13) pada 0;45, 9 Hasta 3;27,28 — (3;32,32) Uttarabhadra- Citra 3;56,10 (3; 3,50) pada +0; 5,21 Revati —0;28,18 (-+6331,42) Cf. table 42. Manuscripts: I0 2648 B f, Iv. ===== стр 103 ===== 104 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 4. Table of mean yearly motions (gunakas) and of ksepakas for Saka 1500, in terms of tables 50 to 54 for the planets, The gunakas are: Epact 11; 3,53,22,40 tithis Lord of the year 1315,31,17,17 days Moon 11; 3,53,22,40( x 12°) 2,12;46,40,32, 0° Lunar apogee 3323,22,36,10 40;40,31,14, 0 (Lunar anomaly 1,32; 6, 9,18, 0) Mars 15;57, 0,46,40 3,11;24, 9,20, 0 ‘Mercury’s anom. 433,46,35,11 54;45,19, 2,12 Jupiter 2331,45,32,33 30321, 6,30,36 Venus’ anom. 18;45,59,29, 3 3,45;11,53,48,36 . Saturn 1; 1, 4,17, 6 12;12,51,25,12 Lunar node ~—1;36,47,49,59 ~-19521,33,59,48 These parameters are identical with those of the Brahmapaksa except that the gunakas for Mars, Jupiter, and the lunar node must be increased by 0;0,0,0,6°, that for the lunar apogee for 0;0,0,30°. The ksepakas are equivalent to those computed by the Maha- devi for Saka 1500 and found in the Anonymous of 1578 (SATIUS, pp. 53a-53b) and table 5 of the Candrarki as well as in tables 6 to 14 of the Khetasiddhi diminished by the ramabija in table 5. For Saturn the Anonymous of 1578 agrees with the Mahadevi in giving 22;34,2,13,0 whereas the Khetasiddhi in table 14 has 22;34, 32,13,0, a value also used in table 4; for 22;34,32,13,0 diminished by the ramabija 0;7,30 give Dinakara’s 22;27,2,13,0. It is ciear, then, that the Anonymous of 1578 gives mean motion tables for the true longitude tables 50 to 54 of the Khetasiddhi. Candrarki or table 4 tables 6 Anonymous ramabiia to 14 of 1578 Epact 22;19,34,10, 0 22;18,19,10, 0 22;18,19,10, 0 —O 1,15 Lord of the year 1;24.57,12,30 1;22,27,12,30 1;24,57,12,30 —0; 2,30 Moon 22;19,33,53.50 22:18,19,10, 0 —0; 115 Lunar apogee —0;27,17,18;15 0;29,47,18,15 (0;29,47,14,20) +0; 2,30 Mars 20;58,59,52,45 21; 5,39,52,45 21; 5,39,52,45 +0; 6,40 Mercury’s anom 19:47, 2.40.23 20;45,22,40,23 20;45,22,40,23 +0;58,20 ===== стр 104 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 109 Jupiter 14;37,52,14,15 14522, 2,14,15 14322, 2,14,15 -~-0;15,50 Venus’ anom. 28;27,17,56,30 28; 4,47,56,05 28; 4,47,56,30 --0;22,30 Saturn 22327, 2,13, 0 22;34,32,13, 0 22334, 2,13, 0 $0; 7,30 Lunar node 1;20,16,27,49 1;17,46,27,49 1;17,46,27,49 —0; 2,30 Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. Ir. : 5. Table of ramabijas in ghatis for gurjarapradesa, Epact - 1315 Mercury's anomaly + 58,20 Lord of the year —2;30 Jupiter --15;50 Moon —1;15 Venus’ anomaly - 22330 Lunar apogee +2;30 Saturn + 7;30 Mars +6340 Lunar node -- 2330 Manuscripts: 10 2648 C f. Ir. 6. Table of the mean motion of the Epact fur 1 to 9, 10 to 90, and 100 to 1000 years with a ksepa; tables 7 to 14 are set up in the same way. The yearly parameter is 11;3,53,22,40 tithis; the ksepa is 22;18,19,10,0 tithis. Manuscripts: 10 2648 C f. lv. 7. Table of the mean motion of the Lord of the year. The yearly parameter is 1;15,31,17,17 days; the ksepa is 1;22,27,12,30. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. lv. 8. Table of the mean motion of the lunar apogee. The yearly parameter is 3;23,22,36,10 — 40;30,31,14,0°; the ksepa is 0;29,47, 18,15 == 5;57,27,39,0°. Manuscripts: 10 2648 C £. 2r. 9. Table of the mean motion of the lunar node. The yearly parameter is ~1;36,47,49,59 — -19;21,33,59,48°; the ksepa is 1;17,46, 27,49 = 15;33,17,33,48°. Manuscripts: 10 2648 C f. 2r. 10. Table of the mean motion of Mars. The yearly parameter is 15;57,0,46,40 -- 3,11;24,9,20,0°; the ksepa 21;5,39,52;45 = 4,13;7, 58,33,0°. Manuscripts: IO 2648. Cf. 2v. 11. Table of the mean motion of Mercury's anomaly. The yearly parameter is 4;33,46,35,11 == 54;45,19,2,12°; the ksepa is 20;45,22,40,23 = 4,9;4,32,4,36°. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 2v. 14 ===== стр 105 ===== 06 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 12. Table of the mean motion of Jupiter. The yearly para- meter is 2;31,45,32,33 . 30;21,6,30,36 ; the ksepa is 14;22,2, 14,15 ... 2,52;24,26,51,0 . Manuscripts: IO 2648 Cf. 3r. 13. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ anomaly. The yearly parameter is 18;45,59,29,3 -. 3,45;11,53,48,36 ; the ksepa is 28;4, 47,56,30 -- 5,36;57,35,18,0 °. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 3r, 14. Table of the mean motion of Saturn. The yearly para- meter is 1;1,4,17,6 .. 12;12,51,25,12’; the ksepa is 22;34,32,13,0 — 4,30;54,26,36,0°. Manuscripts: 10 2648 C f. 3v. 15. Table of the mean motion of the Moon for 1 to 14 days; the mean daily motion is 13;10,35 . Cf. table 30 of the Khetasicdhi. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 3v. 16. Table of the mean motion of the lunar anomaly for 1 to 14 days; the mean daily motion is 13;3,54". This is table 38 of the Khetasiddhi. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 3v. 17. Table of the mean motion of the Moon for 1 to 27 avadhis; the motion in 26 avadhis (.: 364 days) is 1,56;12,42°. Cf. table 43 of the Khetasiddhi. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 4r. 18. Table of the mean motion of the lunar anomaly for 1 fo 27 avadhis; the motion in 26 avadhis is 1,15;39,30°. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 4r. 19. Table of the mean motion of the lunar apogee for 1 to 27 avadhis; the motion in 26 avadhis is 40;32,44 (one should have. from tables 17 and 18, 40;33,12'). Cf. table 44 of the Khetasiddhi. Manuscripts: 10 2648 C f. 4v. 20. Table of the mean motion of the lunar node fcr 1 to 27 avadhis; the motion in 26 avadhis as -19;17,34 . Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 4v. 21. Table of the mean motion of the lunar node for 1 to 27 avadhis; the motion in 26 avadhis is 5,40;42,26°. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. Sr. ===== стр 106 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 107 22. Table of the mean motion of Mars for 1 to 27 avadhis; the motion in 26 avadhis is 3,10;44,35°. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. Sr. 23. Table of the mean motion of Mercury’s anomaly for 1 to 27 avadhis; the motion in 26 avadhis is 49,36,15 . Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 5v. 24. Table of the mean motion of Jupiter fur 1 to 27 avadhis; the motion in 26 avadhis is 30;14,50°. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 5v. 25. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ anomaly for 1 to 27 avadhis; the motion in 26 avadhis is 3,43:10,55° Manuscripts IO 2648 C f. 6r. 26. Table of the mean motion of Saturn for 1 to 27 avadhis; the motion in 26 avadhis is 12;10,20°. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 6r. 27. Table of the mean motion of the Sun for 1 to 27 avadhis: the motion in 26 avadhis is 5,58:45,30. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 6v. 28. Table of the catustayaikya, which is a combination of the caraphala (half equation of daylight), degsantara (longitudinal diff- erence), and dvisamskrti (equation of time) for 1 to 27 avadhis: cf. table 6 of the Grahakaumudi of Nrsimha and Poleman 4946 | : (SATIUS, po. 31a-31b), as well as table 16 of the Jagadbhiisana. Cf. also table 44 of the Khetasiddhi. The deSantara is apparently about . 20. 1 —0:5 10 0:21 19 2:2 2 +.0;27 11 0:12 20 2:23 3 0;48 12 0:2 21 2:29 4 1:8 13 —-0:8 22 2:25 5 1:13 14 0:21 23 2:8 6 1,14 15 0:38 24 1,44 7 1:2 16 0:56 25 1:16 8 0:52 17 1:22 26 0:43 9 0:37 18 145 27 -- 0:8 Manuscripts’ IO 2648 C f. 6v. ===== стр 107 ===== 108 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 29. Table of the mean motion of the Sun, Mercury, and Venus for 1 to 14 days, the mean daily motion is 0;59,8°C. Manuscripts: 10 2648 C f. 7r. 30. Table of the mean motion of the Moon for 1 to 14 days; the mean daily motion is 13;10,34,25,....°. (Cf table of the Khetasiddhi. Manuscripts: 10 2648 C f. 7r. 31. Table of the mean motion of the lunar apogee for 1 to 14 days; the mean daily motion is 0;6.40,55,42,....°. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. Tr. 32. Table of the mean motion of the lunar node ‘or 1 to 14 days; the mean daily motion is - 0;3,11,41,32, ...°. Manuscripts: 10 2648 C f. 7r. 33. Table of the mean motion of Mars for 1 to 14 days: the mean daily motion is 0;31,26,30. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. Tv. 34. Table of the mean motion of Mercury’s conjunction for 1 to 14 days; the mean daily motion is 4;5,32,17,8....°. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. Tv. 35. Table of the mean motion of Jupiter for 1 to 14 days; the mean daily motion is 0;4.59,8,34,...°. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. Tv. 36. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ conjunction for 1 to 14 days: the mean daily motion is 1;36,7,47,8,...°. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. Tv. 37. Table of the mean motion of Saturn for 1 to 14 days: the mean daily motion is 0:2.0,34.17,...°. Manuscripts: 10 2648 C f. 8r. 38. Table of the mean motion of the hinar anomaly for 1 to 14 days; the mean daily motion is 13:3.54°. This is table 16 of the Khetasiddhi. Manuscripts: 10 2648 C f£. 8r. 39. Table of the true longitudes and daily progresses of the Sun for 1 to 27 avadhis. The epoch longitude is 2:6,34° (i.e., when the mean loneitude is O°): the maximum daily prosress is 1:1.28° ===== стр 108 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 109 at avadhi 20, the minimum 0;56,59° at avadhi 7. The is not com- puted with the same parameters as was table 1 of the Candrarki. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 8r. 40. Table of the ends of the 27 naksatras. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 8v. 41. Table of the beginnings of the 27 naksatras. Manuscripts: I0 2648 C f. 8v. 42. Table of the week-days on which the Sun enters 1 to 27 naksatras, in 8 columns. Column 1 lists the naksafras; column 2 gives the week-days (these differ from table 3 and, to a small extent, from table 47); column 3 gives the Sun’s daily progress in minutes; column 4 lists the length of daylight for gurjara, Gujarat) in ghatikas; column 5 gives cdlakas in palas to column 4; column 6 lists the half equations of daylight in palas: column 7 gives half lengths of daylight for saurastra (Saurastra) in ghatikas, and column 88 lists the calakas for column 7 in palas, The sum of columns 6 and 7 always equals 15;0. In the follow- ing copy my suggested corrections are enclosed within parentheses beneath the relevant entries, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 a 4:49.30 58:28 30:48 +3 —30 15:30 41% (31,18) bha 4;30.31 57:58 31:48 21% 52 15;52 1% kr 4;18,38 57;23 31;41 2% 69 16;9 1% (57:38) (32;14) ro 4:12.36 57:20 32;36 1% 87 16;27 % nr 4.11,24 57:3 32:5 (81) (16:21) (32:55) 41 93 16:38 41 a 4:13,24 56;40 33:10 (+ 14) (56350) 0 105 16;45 0 pu 4:16,43 56:56 33:10 —1 102 16:42 — % pu 4:19,55 57;3 32:58 114 94 16;34 1 a 4:20,44 57:14 32:36 3 82 16;22 1% ma 4:17,37 57:47 31:6 3 65 16;5 3 (57;37) (326) (1 4) pa 4:9,19 58;10 31:38 3 47 15;47 1% (31;28) u 3.54.31 58:47 30;40 3 24 15;24 1% (30;50) (25) (15;25) ha 3:21,24 59:10 30:8 3 — 3 15;2 1% (59:17) ===== стр 109 ===== 110 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND ci 3;3,28 59;44 29;28 3 +19 14,41 11, (29326) sva 2;27,22 60;9 28:44 2 42 14:18 1M (40) (14520) vi 1;51,1 60;35 28:6 2 58 14:2 1% (1;45,1) (60:34) (1) a 0;56,57 60;58 27:32 144 78 13;42 1 jye 0:4,15 61;6 27;6 0 93 13:27 % (61516) (-1) mo 6 8,23 61;11 26350 41 100 13;20 ~- 1s (61;21) (0) pu 5;10,33 61522 26551 2 106 13:14 A. Wy (+1) u 4;12,32 61;19 27532 2 100 13;20 13 gra 3:15.15 61;7 27526 3 93 13;27 1% dha 220,32 61:1 28:2 3 75 13,45 1! (60;48) fa 1;29,41 60;58 29:4 3 57 14;3 1% (60326) (28;40) pu 0343.53 60;16 29;20 3 37 14;23 11, (60;0) u 0;4.4 59;44 30;34 <3> 1, 15 14;45 Ww (50;30) (30;0) qd 4) re 6;30,46 58;58 30;34 2 +8 14:52 3 (6330.56) (30;44) (3) (— 8) (15:8) (1 15) Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 9r. 43. Table of the mean motion of the Moon for 1 to 27 avadhis; the mean daily motion is 13;10,34,55.42,...°. Cf. table 17 of the Khetasiddhi. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 9v. 44. Table of the mean motion of the lunar apogee, catustayaikya (equation of time, half equation of daylight, and deSantara combined), and Epact for 1 to 27 avadhis; the daily mean motion of the lunar apogee is 0;6,40,55,42,...°. Cf. table 19 of the Khetasiddhi. The entries for the catustayaikya are 0;1 or 0;2 higher in this table than in table 28 of the Khetusiddhi. The mean daily motion of the Epact—that is, the number of tithis in a day—is 1:0,57,11,52,. . . tithis. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 9v. 45. Table of the equation of the Moon for 0° to 90°; the maximum equation is 2;2,10” at 90°. Also given are the differences between the equations, and the increments to (or decreases from) the Moon’s mean daily motion. This table differs from table 4 of ===== стр 110 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES Lil the Candrarki; but its parameters are precisely identical with those of table 15 of the Jagadbhusana. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C ff. 10r-10v. 46. Table of the traikya (half equation of daylight and equation of time combined) for 0 to 365 days; cf. table 16 of the Jagadbhisana. The maximum is + 1;45 on days 62 to 70, the minimum © 1;58 on days 280 to 281. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C ff. 10v-l2r. 47. Table of week-days on which the Sun enters the 27 naksatras; cf. table 42 of the Khetasiddhi, Aégvini 4;49,50 Svati 2;27,31 Bharani 4;30,42 Visakha 1;45,3 Krttika 4:18,38 Anuradha 0;56,59 Rohini 4:12.36 Jyestha 0;4,17 Mrgasiras 411,24 Mila 6:8,25 Ardra 4;13,24 Purvasadha 5310.35 Punarvasu 4;16,53 Uttarasadha 4;12,34 Pusya 419,55 Sravana 3;15,17 Asiesa 4;20,44 Dhanistha 2;20,34 Magha 4517,35 Satabhisak 1;29,43 Puarvaphalguni _ 459,10 Purvabhadrapada 0:43.55 Uttaraphalguni 3;54,15 Uttarabhadrapada 0;4,6 Hasta 3332,24 Revati 6;31,0 Citra 3;3;30 Manuscripts: 10 2648 C f. 12v. 48. Table of week-days on which the Sun enters the 12 zodiacal signs, Aries 4;49,30 Libra 2;46,22 Taurus 0;46,35 Scorpio 4:39,32 Gemini 4312,4 Sagittarius 6:8,25 Cancer 0;49,18 Capricorn 0;27,57 Leo 4;17,35 Aquarius 1;54,36 Virgo 0;19,30 Pisces 3;34,31 Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 12v. 49. Table of the multiplication of 1,45 by 1 to 36. Added by later hand to manuscript. Manuscripts: IO 2648 C f. 12v. 50. Tables of the true longitudes of Mars for 1 tc 27 avadhis: there are 30 tables which are precisely equal to the Mahddevi tables for which N equals O or an even number (Khetasiddhi N-=1 ===== стр 111 ===== iig SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND is Mahddevi N= 2; and Khetasiddhi N--30 is Mahaddevi NO); all Mahadevi functions are recorded. Tables 50 to 54 are all set up in this way; they are the true longitude tables to which not only tables 10 to 14 of the Khetasiddhi refer, but also the tables of the Anonymous of 1578, Manuscripts: IO 2648 D ff, Ir-liv. 51. Tables of the true longitudes of Mercury. Manuscripts: IO 2648 D ff. 16r-30v. 52. Tables of the true longitudes of Jupiter. Manuscripts: IO 2648 D ff. 31r-45v. 53. Tables of the true longitudes of Venus. Manuscripts: IO 2648 D ff. 46r-60v. 54. Tables of the true longitudes of Saturn. Manuscripts: IO 2648 D ff. 61r-Tiv. The Tithisarani of Dinakara. I. The Tithisarani. The author of the Tithisaram is identical with the Dinakara who wrote the Candrarki and the Khetasiddhi as is shuwn by the fact that verse 21 of the Tithisérani equals verse 38 of the Cundrark: (in SATIUS, p. 51a): barejakhye vasan grame cakre dinakaro muda / jatah kusikasagotre modhajnatisamudbhavah //21// The epoch of the Tithisérani is given as Saka 1505==A.D. 1583 in verse 2: sako banabhraghastrais ca hino nighno gunaih svakaih/ ksepakair nijakair yukto dhruvah syac chuddhitah sada//21// The ksepas in verse 15 indicate that the exact date is Sunday 31 March 1583. il. Manuscripts: GVS 3157. 18ff. Copied in Sam. 1799 = A.D. 1742 (Dinakara- sarani) BORI 619. 31ff. Copied in Sam. 1875 = A.D, 1818 (Dinakara- sarani) Jaipur. 18ff. (Dinakarisérani) — *Poleman 4946 L. F. 1. “RAS Tod 36b, 28ff. ===== стр 112 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 113 iif. Tables. 1, Table of tithis in 3 columns. Column 1 gives the argument as 0 to (372?) tithis, column 2 the tithikendra; and column 3 the week-day. The positions of columns 2 and 3 for tithi 0 are respectively 0;10,38 and 0;10,24. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36b. ff. 3r-7v. 2. Table of naksatras in 3 columns. Column 1 gives the areu- ment as 0 to 373 naksatras; column 2 the naksatrakendra; and column 3 the week-day. F. 7v with the initial positions is not available to me. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36b. ff. Tv-12r. 3. Table of yogas in 3 columns. Column 1 gives the argument as 0 to 388 yogas; colurnn 2 the yogakendras; and column 3 the week-day. The positions of columns 2 and 3 fur yoga 9 are rs: pectively 29;6,27 and 6;50,56. Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36b. ff. 12r-16v. 4. Table of week-days on which the Sun enters each of the 27 naksatras, This is identical with the table in Poleman 4946 L (SATIUS, pp. 31a-31b). Aégvini 4;47,21 Pusya 417.2 Bharani 4;28,27 Aslega 4;17,50 Krttika 4;16,15 Magha 4;14,44 Rohini 4:10,5 Pirvaphalguni 456,15 Mrgasiras 4;8,41 Ultaraphalguni 3;51,30 Ardra 4;10,36 Hasta 3329.50 Punarvasu 4;14,0 Citra 350,51 Svati 2:24.52 Sravana 3;12,56 Visakha 1;42.29 Dhanistha 2:28.33 Anuradha 0;54,25 Satabhisak 1:27.37 Jyestha 0;1,47 Ptrvabhadrapada 0;41,53 Mala 6;5,56 Uttarabhadrapada 0:2.19 Parvasadha 5;8,8 Revati 6:28,55 Uttarasadha 4;10,3 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36b. f. 16v. 5. Table of week-days on which the Sun enters each of the 12 zodiacal signs. This also is found in Poleman 4946 L (SATIUS, p. 31b). 15 ===== стр 113 ===== 114. SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Aries 4;47,21 Leo 4:14,44 Sagittarius 635,56 Taurus 0;44,15 Virgo 0;16,50 Capricorn 0;23,38 Geinini 4;9.19 Libra 2;43,43 Aquarius 1;52,34 Cancer 0;46,27 Scorpio 4;36,54 Pisces 3341,28 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36b. f£. 16v. 6. Table of corrections to the tithi for 0 to 27 days horizontal and for 0 to 59 ghatikas vertical; the haras are given at the bottom of each page. The maximum correction is 24;47 at day 21, ghatikas 23 to 27 (negative) and at day 6, ghatikas 33 to 36 (positive). Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36b, ff. 17r-20v. 7. Table of corrections to the naksatra for 0 to 27 days horizontal and for 0 to 59 ghatikas vertical; the haras are given at the bottom of each page. The maximum correction is 22;56 at day 6, ghatikas 24 to 29 (positive) and at day 20, ghatikas 47 to 50 (negative). Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36b. if. 21r-24v. 8. Table of corrections to the yoga for 0 to 29 days horizontal and for 0 to 59 ghatikas vertical. The maximum correction is 21;20 at day 22, ghatikas 16 to 23 (negative) and 21;22 at day 6, ghatikas 57 to 58 (positive). Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36b. ff. 25r-28v. 9. Table of yearly parameters in the Dinakarasdrani. Epact 11;3,53 tithis Tithibhoga 1;11,42 Lord of the Year 1;15,32 days Naksatrabhoga 1;18,3 Manda 7;40,31 Yogabhoga 1;17,52 Tithidhruva 10;56,7 Tithikendra 739,49 Naksatradhruva 10;2,30 ' Naksatrakendra 7;0,30 Yogadhruva 10;2,30 Yogakendra 7;31,45 Manuscripts: RAS Tod 36h, i. 28v. The Ramavinoda of Ramacandra. I. The Life of Ramacandra. The first four verses of the Ran:avinoda inform us that it was written by Ramacandra, the son of Ananta, for Rama the bhapala using as epoch 35 years after the epoch of Jalal al-Din Akbar, the Mogul Emperor who reigned from A.D. 1556 to 1605; Akbar’s era iy stated to be Sam 1612, Saka 1477=A.D,. 1555/6, ===== стр 114 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 115 ganapatim abhivandya $rigapadaravindam smaranaviditatattvo ’nantajo ramacandrah » akabaranrpasakad vakti paficangapatram sphutakhagasamavetam ra4mabhupalatustyai /. 1 ‘/ siryabhipamitavikramasake labdhavan akhilabhamipatitvam / khyapayan nijaSakam khalu samrad bhaty asév akabarah ksitipalah ‘/2 /" banaramavidhuhinite Sake vikramasya kalisdlivahanah ’ Sailagailamanubhir vivarjite ’sminn akabbaraSakad gatah samah //3 ’/ Sahakkabbararajyato gatasamah paficagnihina gunair nighnah ksepayutas tithipramukhato varadikendram bhavet / irdhvanko’bhragunais tither nagayamair bhasyasvanetrair yutg varogvaih khagunais tatha tithibhayukkendrasya tastas tatah //4 /’ Ramacandra’s father, Ananta, the son of Cintamani who resided at Dharmapura on the Godavari in Vidarbha, wrote a tiki on Maha- deva’s Kamadhenu among other works. This information is found in Rama’s Muhirtacintamani (XIII 8-10), which he wrote at GiriSanagara (Benares) in Saka 1522 - A.D. 1600: asid dharmapure sadanganigamadhyetrdvijair mandite jyotirvittilakah phanindraracite bhasye krtatisramah / tattajjatakasamhitaganitakrn manyo mahabhibhujam tarkalankrtivedavakyavilasadbuddhih sa cintamanih ’ 8/’ jyotirvidganavanditanghrikamalas tatsinur Asit krti namn§nanta iti pratham adhigato bhimandalahaskarah / yo ramyam janipaddhatim samakarod dustasayadhvamsinim tikim cottamakamadhenuganite ’karsit satam pritaye //9// tadatmaja udaradhir vibudhanilakanthanujyo ganegapadapankajam hrdi nidhaya ramabhidah ’ giriganagare vare bhujabhujeé (s) ucandrair n(m) ite Sake viniramad imam khalu muhirtacintamanim //10 ’/ ===== стр 115 ===== 116 SANSKRIT ASf'RONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Ramabhupala, to whom the Raémavinoda is dedicated, is called Ramadiasa in verse VI. 14: ramena yalnad iha ramadasa- prityai krto ramavinodanama / jallaladinakabarasya Sakan nabhogasiddhih paripurtim agat ‘ 14°’ This might be the Kacehwaha raja Ramadasa who guarded the treasury for prince Salim (Jahangir) in October 1605 as Akbar lay dyiny and who was among those sent by Jahangir in pursuit of Shah Jahan in May 1628. The era of Akbar is given by Ramacandra as beginning in Sam. 1612, Saka 1477 - A.D. 15535 6. In fact, Akbar was proclaimed emperor on 14 February 1556, and the epoch of his “Divine Era,” which is introduced on Nawrtz of 1584, is 11 March 1556. The epoch of the Ramavinoda is 35 vears later; the ksepakas in the tables described here indicate that it was 11 March 1590. The parameters of the tables belong to the Saurapaksa. T Manuscripts: Tanjore D 11579 (Burnell 4271) 8ff. Copied in Sam. 1694 (read 1698), Saka 1563 -- A.D. 1642. Benares (1963) 35077. 61ff. Copied in Saka 1567 = A.D. 1645 (Mars). BORI 986 of 1886/92. 18ff. Copied in Sam. 1713 — A.D. 1656. Udaipur 128. 19ff. Copies in Sam. 1718 A.D. 1661. Leipzig 1079. 10ff. Copied in A.D. 1699. *Oxford CS d. 776g. 4ff. Copied in Sam. 1760 - A.D. 1703. Benares (1963) 35081. 61ff. Copied in Sam. 1766 --- A.D. 1709 (Saturn). Benares (1963) 36062. 300ff. Copied in Sam. 1766, Saka 1631 — A.D. 1709, GVS— (3944). FY. 2-3. Copied in Sam. 1822. A.D. 1765. Benares (1963) 25069. 3ff. Copied in Saka 1696 AD 1774. Baroda 3274. 5ff. Copied in Saka 1724. A.D. 1802. “IO 2730. Ff. 1-6. Copied in Saka 1729 = A.D. 1807. BORI 204 of 1883/84. 21,. Copied in Sam 1867 . A.D. 1810. AS Bengal 6907 (G 7906). 3ff. Copied in Sam. 1885-- A.D. 1828. ===== стр 116 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 117 Baroda 1154. 25ff. Copied in Sam. 1896 = A.D. 1839. Jammu and Kashmir 3013-3014. 14ff. Copied in Sam. 1910 = A.D. 1853. Alwar 1939. 2 copies. Anup 4548. 5ff. Anup 5058. 19ff. Anup 5059. 60ff. Anup 5060. 60ff. Anup 5061. 60ff. Anup 5062, 59ff. Anup 5063. Ff. 2-22. AS Bengal 6908 (G 7913). 3ff. Baroda 3275, 13ff. Baroda 3276. 4ff. Benares (1963) 35078. 61ff. (Venus). Benares (1963) 35079, 61ff. (Jupiter). Benares (1963) 35080. 61ff. (Mercury) Benares (1963) 35104. Ff. 1 and 3-4. Benares (1963) 35226. 18ff. Incomplete. Benares (1963) 35649. 300ff. Berlin or. fol. 2795 (Pr SB 483). 17ff. Bikaner 712. 355ff. Bombay U Desai 1420. 15ff. Bombay U Desai 1421. 4ff. LDI 7174 (8976). 4ff. N-W P IX (1885) A 26. 249ff. Property of Sydm4 Carana of Benares. *Oxford CS g. 17. F. 1. SOI 787. 58ff. , SOI 7623. VVRI 2272. 4ff. Incomplete, VVRI 4534. 20ff. Incomplete. WHMRL K.3.h. III. Tables, 1. Table of yearly parameters (gunakas), epoch positions (ksepakas), and “collected multipliers” (labdhagunas) of the Lord of the year, tithi, naksatra, yoga, Lord of the year for the kendra, tithikendra, naksatrakendra, and yogakendra, ===== стр 117 ===== 118 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND gunakah ksepakah labdhagunah Lord of the year 1;15,31,31,24 days ——. — Tithi 11:1,11,41,40 3:0,39,18 + 1;0,59,5,20 Naksatra 10;1,18,3,12 236,55,41 1;1,0,42,12 Yoga 1131,17,52,40 2;6,57,41 - 1;0,56,22,40 Lord of the year for the kendra 0;12,24,23 —_— — — Tithikendra 7;36,17,54 21;48,0,0 +. 1;4,22,6,58 Naksatrakendra 7;43,13,32 21;0,34,0 ~ 156,632 Yogakendra 7;43,2,2 22;2,45,0 - 1;1,30,32 Manuscripts: Oxford CS d. 7769. f. 3r. 2. Table of yearly parameters and epoch positions expressed in terms of a set of 60 true lorigitude tables similar to those used in the Mahddevi; these tables may be those contained in Oxford CS g. 17 ff. 11r-108v. The epoch is 11 March 1590. gunakah yearly mean motion Mars 31;54,1,36 (~~ 6) 3,11;24,9,36" Mercury’s anomaly 9;7,33,0 54;45,18,0 Jupiter 5;3,31,0 30;21,6,0 Venus’ anomaly 37;31,58,48 3,45;11,52,48 Saturn 232,8,24 12;12,50,24 Lunar node 56;46,27 54 5,40;38,47,24 (= 19;21.12.36) (the lunar node parameter indicates N -. 232,242 whereas in the normal Saurapaksa it is 232,238). mean true ksepakah sidereal tropical difference longitudes longitudes Mars 4;47,40,55 (x 6) 28;46,5,30° 31° - 2° Mercury’s anomaly 27;47,58,12 2,46;47,49,12 (Mercury) 19 Jupiter 29;54,52,28 2,59;29,14,48 3,14 —15 Venus’ anomaly 26;43,18,24 2,40;19,50,24 (Venus) 46 Saturn 9;18,0,43 55;48,4,18 19 —14 Lunar node 19;4,6,10 1,54;24,37,0 2,11 —17 Manuscripts: Oxford CS d. 776g. f. 4r; Oxford CS g. 17 f. 1v. The Grahakawmudi of Nrsimha. I. The Life of Nrsimha. Nrsimha, the nephew and pupil of the famous GaneSa who composed the Grahalaghava in Saka 1442 — A.D. 1520, was born in Saka 1470 -— A.D. 1548. He is well-known as the author of a ===== стр 118 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 119 vivarana on his father’s Kdlanirnayadipikd; a Grahadasiphala; a Khetamuktévali; a Varsaphaladipikad; and a Hilldjadipika, In the present work he refers to his genealogy and birth-date in IV. 11-12: sahyadrer adharaparantavisaye ksarambudheh praktate grame nandipadadime sukadalisa (?) sirsaptganvite / asit kauSikavamsabhtsanamanih SrikeSavo daivavin nanasastrakalakalapacaturah saujanyaratnakarah //11// tatputro vividhagamarthakusalo ramo 3rahajnamanis (?) tatputro ‘jani khadrivasavamite Sake nrsimhabhidhah / sadbuddhih svapitrvyato guruganesat prapya bodhamSakam teneyam grahakaumudi viracita daivajfiasantustaye //12.’ Hence Nrsimha, the pupil of his uncle GaneSa, was born in Saka 1470 as son of Rama, who was the son of KeSava of the Kauéika- gotra, an astrologer who lived in the village Nandipadadima (Nandad, Gujarat) on the eastern shore of the salt ocean (Arabian Sea) in Aparanta below the Sahyadri Range. In L8 he refers tu the date Saka 1510 -= AD. 1588, and after I there is a table of gunakas and of ksepakas for this date. Gunakas Gunakas x 13;20° Lord of the year 1;15,31,30 days Epact 11;3,53,23 tithis Mars 14;21,18,45 3,11;24,10 Mercury’s anomaly 4;6,24,0 54;45,20 Jupiter 2:16,34,30 30;21.0 Venus’ anomaly 16;53,21,45 3,45;11,30 Saturn 0;54,58,3 12;12,54 Lunar node ~- 1;27,6,45 —-19;21,30 These agree with table 7. The ksepakas indicate the date Sunday 31 March 1588 Julian. mean true ksepakas sidereal tropical differences longitudes longitudes Lord of the year 033,33 Epact 12;59,28 Mars 0;36.4 (x 13;20 ) 8:0,53,20° 29 21° Mercury’s anom. 4;54,31 1, 5;26,53,20 (Mercury) 35 Jupiter 8;46,12 1,56;55,0,0 2,7 —10 Venus’ anom. 5116 1, 9;8,0,0, (Venus) 48 Saturn 2;43,25 36;18,53,20 46 —10 Lunar node —15;41,46 —3,29;16,53,20 —3,12 —17 ===== стр 119 ===== 120 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND However, in IV. 1 he refers to Saka 1525:= A.D. 1603, and the ksepakas in table 7 indicate that the epoch date is Thursday 31 March 1603: mean true ksepakas sidereal tropical differences longitudes longitudes Lord of the year 4;56,25 days Epact 28;57,48 tithis Mars 26;55,45 (x 13;20 ) 5,59;3,20,0 22" —23° Mercury’s anom. 12;30,31 2,46;46,53,20 (Mercury) 20 Jupiter 15;54,49 3,32;10,53,20 3,51 —19 Venus’ anom. 15;31,32 3,27;0,26,40 (Venus) 5,39 Saturn 16;27,55 3,39;32,13,20 43 —23 Lunar node ~-105;28,27 --2,19;30,20,0 —2,2 —18 The sidereal longitude of the Sun on 31 March 1603 was 0°; that of the Moon should be 0° increased by the epact ~ 12 or 5,47;33,36° ~ 5,48°. In fact the tropical longitude of the Moon at 9 P.M, in Ujjain on 31 March 1603 was 10°, thereby allowing very nicely for the difference between the two zodiacs. I, Manuscripts: *JO 2083d and e. 3ff. and 71ff. IIl. Tables: The tables of planetary longitudes are constructed on the same principle as are those for the Mahadevi of Mahadeva. The main difference lies in the fact that the intervals between tables is 13;20° (a naksatra) in the Grahakaumudi, 6° in the Mahddevi. That is, for k =. 1 of table N-: 0, the mean longitudes of both the planet (for the inner planets, their anomalies) and the Sun are 0°; but for k == 1 of table N = 1, the mean longitude of the planet is 13;20° while that of the Sun remains at 0°. Thus there are 27 tables (N -= 0 to 26) for each planet. Each table contains 7 columns. Column 1 indicates the avadhis (k = 1 to 27). Column 2 gives the planet’s true longitude to the second. Column 3 gives the difference in the longitude of the planet for the same avadhi k between tables N and N -i. 1. Column 4 indicates the daily progress of the planet; it is computed by dividing the difference between the longitudes in avadhis k ===== стр 120 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 121 and k + 1 by 14. Column 5 gives the difference between the entries in column 5 for the same avadhi k in tables N and N +. 1. Column 6 indicates the avadhi and the day within it at which heliacal risings (u), heliacal settings (a), and stations (va) occur. And column 7 gives the increase in days between the occurrence of one of these phenomena on table N and the occurrence of the same phenomenon on table N -+ 1. 1. Tables for Mars. Manuscripts: IO 2083e. ff. lr-l4r. . 2. Tables for Mercury. Manuscripts: IO 2083e. ff. l4v-27v. . 3. Tables for Jupiter. Manuscripts: IO 2083e. ff. 28r—41r. 4. Tables for Venus. Manuscripts: IO 20838e. ff. 41v—54v. ; 5. Tables for Saturn. - Manuscripts: IO 2083e. f. 55r-68r. 6. Table of the true longitude of the Sun for 1 to 27 avadhis. There are 7 columns. Column 1 lists the 1 to 27 avadhis. Column 2 gives the longitude of the Sun; that for k.-1 is 2;7’, that for k -=27 is 0;53°, which would indicate motion of 5,58;46° in 26 x 14 =. 364 days. Column 3 gives the daily progress of the Sun; the maximum is 1;1,28° at k ~- 20, the minimum 0;57,0° at k-.6 and 7. Column 4 gives the caraphala (equation of daylight). Column 5 gives the deSgntara (longitudinal difference from the prime vertical of Ujjayini). Column 6 indicates the dvisamskrti (equation of time). And column 7 gives the sarvasamskara (the sum of columns 4, 5, and 6). I give below columns, 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7. avadhi caraphala de.-antara dvisamskrti sarvasamskara 1 27 20 41 - 14 2 44 30 ie 1 15 3 38 30 6 34 4 72 30 u 33 5 78 30 3 51 6 84 30 +1 55 7 80 30 — 3 47 8 74 30 9 35 16 ===== стр 121 ===== 122 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 9 64 30 11 20 10 50 30 8 12 ii 34 30 —-— 3 +1 12 , + 16 30 +9 -— 5 13 — 2 30 21 ll 14 20 30 29 21 15 32 (read 39) 30 41 28 16 54 30 39 45 17 69 30 37 62 18 7 30 26 81 19 83 30 +10 103 20 80 30 — 7 117 21 84 (read 74) 30 22 126 22 62 30 36 128 23 47 30 38 115 24 30 30 40 100 25 9 30 32 71 . 26 “ 7 36 23 46 27 +25 -- 20 —12 —17 Manuscripts: IO 2083e. f. 68v. 7. Table of mean motions: Sesa (single years) 0 to 40. Tabulated are the Lord of the year (a), the Epact (Su), Mars (ma), Mercury’s anomaly (bu), Jupiter (gu), Venus’ anomaly (Su), Saturn (Sa), and the lunar node (ra). The entries for the Lord of the year are days (mod. 7), for the Epact tithis (mod. 30), and for the other entities true motion tables (mod. 27). The entries for 0 are the epoch positions given above. The yearly mean motions are: yearly motions Lord of the year 1;15,31,30 days Epact 11;3,53,19,30 tithis Mars 14:21,19 (13:20 ) 3,11,24,13,20° Mercury's anomaly 4;6,24 54;45,20 Jupiter 2316,34,30 30;21,0 Venus’ anomaly 16;53,21,45 3,45311,30 Saturn 0;54,58.3 12;12,54 Lunar node —1;27,6,45 —19;21.30 Manuscripts: IO 2083e ff. 69r—70v. 8. Table of mean motions: labdha (collected years) for 1 to 10 = 40 to 400 years. The same entities are tabulated here as in ===== стр 122 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES oO 123 table 7. The parameters for 40-year motions are in some cases modified: yearly table 7 table 8 motions in table 8 Lord of the year 1:21,0 days 1;21,0 days 1;15,21,30 days Epact 22;35,33 tithis 22:35,38 tithis 11;3,53,27 tithis Mars 7;12,40 7;12,30 3,11;24,10 Mercury’s anomaly 2:16,0 2;16,0 54;45,16 Jupiter 10;3,0 10;3.1 30;21,0,20 Venus’ anomaly 0;34,30 0;34,30 3,45;11,30 Saturn 9;38,42 9;38,42 12;12,54 fSunar node —4:4,30 —4:4,30 —19;21,30 The Mars parameter in table § and the Jupiter parameter in table 7 are correct, Manuscripts: IO 2083e. f. 71r. : The Tithikalpedruma of Kalyana. I. The Life of Kalyana. The Tithikalpadruma in IO 2529e is evidently identical with the Tithikalpadruma or Paficéigapatraracana which was composed by Kalyana, the son of Nrsimha, at Dhammi-Mangalapura (presumably in Gujarat). The text in IO 2529e (A f. 1v) informs us that the epoch is Saka 1527 =: A.D. 1605. On the same page are listed the gunakas and ksepakas according to the Brahmapaksa. gunakas ksepaka Epact 11,;3,53,22,38 tithis 22;4,35,38,14 tithis Lord of the year 1;15,31,17,17 days 0:24,3,42,16 days Tithikendra 7:9,41,52,24 tithis 17:49,40,53,6 tithis Naksatrakendra 6;58,0,14,23 tithis 17:23,14,21,5 tithis Yogakendra 7;29,15.56,13 tithis 18;39,28,45,51 tithis The ksepaka of the epact multiplied by 12° will give the approxi- mate sidereal longitude of the Moon when the Sun was at Aries 0° sidereal; that lunar sidereal longitude is 264;55,7,38,48°. The Moon’s true tropical longitude on 31 March 1605, a Sunday, at noon in Ujjain was ca, 287°. ===== стр 123 ===== 124 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Tables 1 to 4, however, provide a different set of ksepakas modified by bijas. These are for a Thursday, but it is not clear what calendar date is involved. , ksepakas Epact 23,45,40,50 tithis Lord of the year 4;43,14.30 days Moon 285;8,10° Lunar apogee 286;14,0' Note that the given lunar longitude —- 285;8,10° - - is exactly equal to 23:45,40,50 x 12°. Therefore, the Sun was at Aries 0° and these ksepakas are computed for the beginning of a sidereal year. A passage on IO 2529e. A f. 8v refers to Gurjjara and, in Saurastra, Krtera and Piphara. This confirms the evidence of the provenance of the manuscript that the Tithikalpadruma was com- posed in Gujarat. If. Manuscripts: As Bombay 236. 2ff. Copied in Sam. 1743 -- A.D. 1686. BORI 651. 17ff. Copied in Sam. 1807 -- A.D. 1750. BORI 666. 10ff. Copied in Sam. 1819.- A.D. 1762 Baroda 3181. 5ff. *IO 2529e. Ff. 1-8 and ff. 8-10 and 10bis-22. LDI 6912 (4444). 3ff. PL. Buhler [V EF 181. 4ff. Property of Jivanakugala Goraji of Bhuja. Biihler notes the existence of three other copies. BORI 4744. 15ff. Ill. Tables. The mean motion tables (1 to 4) on B f. 8 are arranged for 1 to 9, 10 to 90, 100 to 500, and 1,000 years; ksepakas corrected by bijas are also given. These tables aré not from the T:thikalpadruwina. 1. Table of the Epact; the yearly parameter is 11:5,53,22.40 tithis, Manuscripts: IO 2529e. B fF. 8r. 2. Table of the Lord of the year; the yearly parameter is 1:15.31,17,17 days. Manuscripts: IO 2529e B f, 8r. ===== стр 124 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 125 3. Table of the mean motion of the Moon; the yearly mean motion is 132;46,40,32°. Manuscripts: IO 2529e. B f. 8v. 4. Table of the mean motion of the lunar apogee; the yearly mean motion is 40:40,31,14". This is the computer’s mistake; for the yearly motion of the Moon minus the yearly motion of its anomaly—2,12:46,40,32—1 32;6,8,48--is 40;40,31,44°. Manuscripts: _ IO 2529e. B. f. 8v. 5. Table of tithikendras (modulo 27;59,33) and of week-days with their respective calakas for 1 to 38 periods of 10 days. This is table 5 of the Pajficaigavidyadhari, table 11 of the Anonymous of 1741 (SATIUS, pp. 67a~-68b). Manuscripts: I0 2529e. B ff. 9r-9v. Tables 6 to 9 on B f. 10 do not belong to the Tithikalpadruma, 6. Table of naksatrakendras (modulo 27;13,48) for 1 to 14 periods of 27 days, Cf. table 6 of the Paficangavidyddhari, table 12 of the Anonymous of 1741. Manuscripts: IO 2529e. B. f. 10v. 7. Table of the naksatravara for 1 to 14 periods of 27 days with a calaka. Cf. table 6 of the Paficingavidyddhari, table 12 of the Anonymous of 1741; cf. also table 7 of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: 10 2529e. f. 10v. 8. Table of the yogakendra (modulo 29;16,1) for 1 to 15 periods of 27 days with a calaka. Cf. table 7 of the Paficangavidya- dhart, table 13 of the Anonymous of 1741. Manuscripts: 10 2529e. B f. 10v. 9. Table of the yogavara for 1 to 15 periods of 27 days with a calaka. Cf. table 7 of the Paficatigavidyadhari, table 13 of the Anonymous of 1741; ef. also table 11 of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: I0 2529e. B f. 10v. 10. Table of naksatrakendras (modulo 27;13,48) and naksatra- varas for 1 to 41 periods of 9 days with their respective calakas. This is table 6 of the Paficitgavidyidhari, table 12 of the Anony- mous of 1741. Manuscripts: I0 2529e. B ff. 10bis r-10his v. ===== стр 125 ===== 126 SANSKRIT ASI!RONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 11. Tables of the Epact for 1 to 30 periods of 30 years and for 0 to 29 years. The yearly parameter is 11;3,53,22,39 tithis; the epoch position 22;4,35,38,14 tithis (the ksepaka for 1605). Cf. table 1 of the Anonymous of 1741. — Manuscripts: 10 2529e. B f. 11r. 12. Tables of the Lord of the year for 1 to 30 periods of 30 years and for 0 to 29 years. The yearly parameter is 1;15,31,17,17; the epoch position 0;24,3,42,16 (the ksepaka for 1605). Cf. table 2 of the Anonymous of 1741. Manuscripts: IO 2529e. B f. 1lv. 13. Table of the tithidhruva (modulo 30) for 1 to 30 periods of 30 years and for 0 to 29 years. The yearly parameter is 10;56,6,37,21 tithis; the epoch position 22;55,24,21,46 tithis. The parameter equals 11-0;3,53.22,39 tithis. Cf. table 3 of the Anony- mous of 1741. Manuscripts: 10 2529e. B f. 12r. 14. Tables of the naksatrayogadhruva (modulo 27) for 1 to 30 periods of 30 years and for 0 to 29 years. The yearly parameter is 10;2,29,57,36,54 naksatras; the epoch position 19;1,51,55,35 naksatras. The Moon travels 11:3,53.22,39 « 12° - 2.12;46,40,31, 48° per year, which, when divided by 13;20, is 9:57,30,2,23,15 .... naksatras. The yearly parameter equals 11-0:;57,30,2,.23,16. Cf. table 4 of the Anonymous of 1741. Manuscripts: IO 2529e. B. f. 12v. 15. Tables of the tithikendra (modulo 27;59,33) for 1 to 30 periods of 30 years and for 0 to 29 years, The yearly parameter is 7;5,48,29,45 tithis, the epoch position 18;45,5,14 tithis. Cf. table 5 of the Anonymous of 1741. Manuscripts: 10 2529e. B f. 13r. 16. Tables of the naksatrakendra (modulo 27;13,48) for 1 to 30 periods of 30 years and for 0 to 29 years. The yearly parameter is 7;0,30,12,0 naksatras, the epoch position 17;25,6,16 naksatras. Cf. table 6 of the Anonymous of 1741. Manuscripts: IO 2529e. B f. 13v. 17. Tables of the yogakendra (modulo 29;16,1) for 1 to 30 periods of 30 years and for @ to 29 years, The yearly parameter ===== стр 126 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 127 1s 7;31,45,53,49 yogas, the epoch position 18;41,20,41 yogas. Of table 7 of the Anonymous of 1741, Manuscripts: I0 2529e. B f. 14r. 18. Tables of the tithivara for 1 to 30 periods of 30 years and for 0 to 29 years. The yearly parameter is approximately 1;11,41, 34 days, the epoch position 1;19,56,7 days. Cf. table 8 of the Anonymous of 1741. Manuscripts: I0 252¥e. Bf. 14v. 19. Tables of the naksatravara for 1 to 30 periods of 30 years and for 0 to 29 years. The yearly parameter is approximately 1;18,3,1 days, the epoch position 0;27,11,56 days. Cf. table 9 of the Anonymous of 1741. Manuscripts: IO 2529e. B f. l5r. , 20. Tables of the yogavara for 1 to 30 periods of 30 years and for 0 to 29 years. The yearly parameter is approximately 1;17,52,25 days, the epoch position 0;26,59,3 days. Cf. table 10 of the Anonymous of 1741. Manuscripts: IO 2529e. B f. liv. 21. Table of corrections to the tithikendra for 0 to 27 days horizontal, and, in intervals of 3, for 0 to 57 ghatis vertical. The maximum correction is 24:47 ghatis for 24;21 days of anomalistic motion. Cf, table 9 of the Pajcdigavidyddhari, table 16 of the Anonymous of 1741. Manuscripts: IO 2529e. B ff. 16r-17v. 22. Table of corrections to the naksatrakendra for 0 to 27 days horizontal, and, in intervals of 3, for 0 to 57 ghatis vertical. The maximum correction is 22:56 ghatis. Cf, table 10 of the Pancadngavidyadhari, table 17 of the Anonymous of 1741. Manuscripts: IO 2529e. B ff. 18r-19v. 23. Table of corrections to the yogakendra for 0 to 29 days horizontal, and, in intervals of 3, 0 to 57 ghatis vertical. The maximum correction is 21,21 ghatis. Cf. table 11 of the Pafcaiga- vidyadhari, table 18 of the Anonymous of 1741, Manuscripts: IO 2529e. B ff. 20r-21v. 24. Table of the tithis and week-days on which the Sun enters each of the 27 naksatras according to the Brahmapaksa. The entries ===== стр 127 ===== 128 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND for the week-days are those of table 8 of the Anenyn. ous of 1638 (SATIUS, pp. 59b~60b). Manuscripts: IO 2529e. B f. 22r. 25. Table of the tithis and week-days on which the Sun enters the twelve zodiacal signs according to the Brahmapaksa. The entries for the week-days are those of lable 3 of the Anonymous of 1594 (SATIUS, pp. 54a-55a) . Manuscripts: IO 2529e. B f. 22r. . The Ravisiddhantamanjari of Mathuranatha Sarman, I. The Life of Mathuranatha Sarman. Mathuranatha wrote the Ravisiddhantamafijari in Saka 1531 ~ A.D. 1609 as we learn from I. 1-2: pranipatya jagadvilocanam ravisiddhantamanojiamanjari / , abahujnasukhavabodhaye mathuranathasata vitanyate _ 1 igtah Sakabdah Sasiramabanarupair visuddhah kathito ‘bdapindah , varadivrttam visuvasya rama navaksiti pakSaSara yugagni ,',2- The date is confirmed by the mean positions given at the begin- ning of tables 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 to be Wednesday, 29 March 1609 Julian at ca. noon. mean true sidereal tropical difference s longitudes longitudes Lord of the year 3;19,52,34 days Moon 35353,00 ' 1,10 35 Mars 1,5:25,39 16 —1 Mercury's anomaly 2,7312,14° (Mercury) 30 Jupiter 36;10,14 49 - 13 Venus’ anomaly 1,99;0,25° (Venus) 11 Saturn 4,47 352,35" 3,10 = 29° Lunar node 4,16:24,13° — 3,58 -- 18° Lunar apogee 3,9;26,11° The Ravisiddhantamaijari, which belongs to the Saurapaksa, consists of the following: sections: Madhyaégighradinirnaya, Sphuta-- tithyadinirnaya, Vakrastadivinirnaya, and Grahanadhikara, It was edited by Visvambhara Jyotisarnava, BI 198, Calcutta 1911, an edition which we have followed in describing the tables, ===== стр 128 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 129 Il, Manuscripts: Paris BN 997 (Sans. Bengali 206) Il. Copied in A.D. 1788. AS Bengal 6945 (G 4595). 12, AS Bengal 6946 (G 3958). 1141. Benares (1963) 37104, 17ff. IO 1492a (Eggeling 2904). 25ff. *TC R. 15. 108. 20ff. WHMRL. Y. 45. 18ff. Wl. Tables. 1. Table of the natadvigunalambana (parallax) for 1 to 36. The maximum is 4;52 ghatikas at 36. A column of differences is added. Manuscripts: TC R. 15 108 f. 10v. 2. Table of phala for 1 to 27. The maximura is 5;31 at 27. A column of differences is added. Manuscripts: TC R. 15 108 f. 10v. 3. Table of the year (visuva) for 20-year intervals from Saka 1531 to 1911 = A.D. 1609 to 1989. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 £. 17v, 4. Table of the Lord of the year for 1 to 20 years. The yearly parameter is 1;15,31,31,24 days. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 £. 17v. 5. Table of the mean motion of Moon for 20-year intervals from Saka 1531 to 1911 = A.D. 1609 to 1989. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 £. 17v. 6. Table of the mean motion of the Moon for 1 to 20 years. The yearly mean motion is 2,12;46,40,48”. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 £. 17v. 7. Table of the mean motion of Mars for 20-year periods form Saka 1531 to 1911 == A.D. 1609 to 1989. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 £ 17%v. 8. Table of the mean motion of Mars for 1 to 20 years. The yearly mean motion is 3,11;24,9,36°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 18r. 17 ===== стр 129 ===== 130 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 9. Table of the mean motion of Mercury's gnomaly for 20- year periods from Saka 1531 to 1911 — A.D. 1609 to 1989. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 18r. 10. Table cf the mean motion of Mercury’s anomaly for 1 to 20 years. The yearly mean motion is 54;45,18’. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 18r. 11. Table of the mean motion of Jupiter for 20-year periods from Saka 1531 to 1911 — A.D. 1609 to 1989, Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 18r. 12. Table of the mean motion of Jupiter for 1 to 20 years. The yearly mean motion is 30;21,6°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 18r. 13. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ anomaly for 20-year periods from Saka 1531 to 1911 — A.D. 1609 to 1989. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 18r. 14. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ anomaly for 1 to 20 years. The yearly mean motion 1s 3,45;11,49,12 . Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 t. 18v. 15. Table of the mean moticn of Saturn for 20-year periods from Saka 1531 to 1911 — A.D. 1609 to 1989, Manuscripts: TC R. 15, 108 f. 18v. 16. Table of the mean motion of Saturn for 1 to 20 years. The yearly mean motion is 12;12,50,24°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15, 108 f. 18v. 17. Table of the motion of the lunar node for 20-year periods from Saka 1531 to 1911 .- A.D. 1609 to 1989. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 £. 18v. 18. Table of the motion of the lunar node lur 1 to 20 years. The yearly motion is -19;21,12,36°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 £. 18v. 19. Table cf the motion of the lunar apogee for 20-year periods from Saka 1531 to 1911 — A.D. 1609 to 1985, Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 19r. 20. Table of the motion of the lunar apogee for 1 to 20 years, The yearly motion is 40;41,0,54°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f£. 19r. ===== стр 130 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 131 21. Table of the annual excess over 360 days for 20-year periods from Saka 1531 to .- A.D, 1609 to 1989. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 19r, 22. Table of the annual excess over 360 days for 1 to 20 years. The annual excess is 5;15,31,30 days, the ardhar§atrika parameter, instead of 5;15,31,31.24 days as required from table 4. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 19r. 23. Table of the excess of one year over the time necessary fer Jupiter to travel 30°, which time is a Jovian year in 60-year cycle, for 20-year periods from Saka 1531 to 1911 -- A.D. 1609 to 1989. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 19r. 24. Table of the excess of a solar year cover a Jcvian vear for 1 to 20 years. The excess is 4;12,43,12 days. However, using 0:4,59,9° as Jupiter’s mean daily motion one finds an excess of 4:14.9,5,24 days: Mathuranatha’s excess implies a mean daily mo- tion of 0;4,59,18°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 19r. 25. Table of the Lord of the year (visuva)) for 20-year periods from Saka 1431 to 1511 -= A.D. 1509 to 1589. Tables 26 to 34 are all set up in this way also. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 19v. 26. Table of the mean motion of the Moon. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 19v. 27. Table of the mean motion of Mars. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 19v. 28. Table of the mean motion of Mercury’s anomaly. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 19v. 29. Table of the mean motion of Jupiter. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 19v. 80. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ anomaly Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 19v. 31. Table of the mean motion of Saturn. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 £. 19v. ===== стр 131 ===== 132 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 32. Table of the motion of the lunar node. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 19v. 33. Table of the motion of the lunar apogee. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 19v. 34. Table of the annual excess of the solar over the Jovian year. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 19v. 35. Table of the mean motion of the Sun for 1 to 30 days The mean daily motion is 0;59,8,10,10°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. liv. 36. Table of the mean motion of the Sun for 30-day intervals from 60 to 360 days and for 365 days, Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. liv. 37. Table of the mean motion of the Moon for 1 to 30 days. The mean daily motion is 13;10,34,52°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 15v. 38. Table of the mean motion of the Moon for 30 day periods from 60 to 360 days and for 365 days. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 16r. 39. Table of the mean motion of the Moon for 1 to 60 dandas (a danda is 0;1 days). Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 16r. 40. Table of the mean motion of Mars for 1 to 30 day periods from 40 to 60 days, for 30-day periods from 90 to 360 days, and for 365 days; moving the sexagesimal place one place to the left yields the mean motions for dandas. The daily mean motion is 0:31.26,28°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 16r. 41. Table of the mean motion of Mercury’s Sighca for 1 to 30 days. The daily mean motion is 4;5,32,21,29”. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 16r. 42. Table of the mean motion of Mercury's Sighra for 30-day periods from 60 to 360 days for 365 days. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 16v. 43. Table of the mean motion of Mercury’s Sighra for 1 to 60 dandas. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f 16v. . ===== стр 132 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 133 44, Table of the mean motion of Jupiter set up as is table 40. The daily mean motion is 0;4,59,9°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. l6v. 45. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ Sighra set up as is table 40. The daily mean motion is 1;36,7,43°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 ff. 16v-17r. 46. Table of the mean motion of Saturn set up as is table 40. The daily mean motion is 0;2,0,23°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15, 108 f. 17r. 47. Table of the motion of the lunar node for 1 to 30 days. The daily motion is ~0;3,10.44°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 17r. 48. Table of the motion of the lunar node for 30-day periods from 60 to 360 days and for 365 days. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 17r. 49. Table of the motion of the lunar apogee set up as is table 40. The daily motion is 0;6,41°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 ff. 17r-17v. 50. Table of the manda equation of the Sun for 1° to 18°, The maximum is 2;10,31° at 90°. The apogee is at Gemini 17;16,54°. ; Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 11r. . 51. Table of the manda equation of the Moon for 1° to 180°. The maximum is 5;2,46° at 90°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 11v. 52. Table of half of the sighra equation of Mars for 1° to 180°. The maximum is 20;8° at 129° to 132°; the maximum equation 40;16°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 12. 53. Table of the manda equation of Mars for 1° to 180°. The maximum is 10:32” at 94° to 98°. The apogee is at Leo 10:2,24°, Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 ff. 12r-12v. 54. Table of half of the gighra equation of Mercury for 1° to 180°. The maximum is 10;46° at 109°; the rasximum equation 21;32°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15 108 ff. 12v-18r. ===== стр 133 ===== 134 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 55. Table of the manda equation of Mercury for 1* to 180°. The maximum is 4;28° at 90° to 91°. The apogee is at Scorpio 10;17,51°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 ff. 13r-13v. 56. Table of half of the Sighra equation of Jupiter for 1° to 180°. The maximum is 5;46° at 99° to 100°; the maximum equation 11;32°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 18v. 57. Table of the manda equation of Jupiter for 1° to 180°. The maximum is 5;6° at 92° to 94°. The apogee is at Virgo 21;21,11°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 14r. 58. Table of half of the Sighra equation of Venus for 1° to 180. The maximum is 23;12° at 135° to 138°; the maximum equation 46;24°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 ff. 14r-14v. 59. Table of the manda equation of Venus for 1° to 180’. The maximum is 1;45’ at 83° to 98°. The apogee is at Gemini 19;51,38°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 f. 14v. 66. Table of half of the Sighra equation of Saturn for 1° to 180°. The maximum is 1,317 at 92° to 99°: the maximum equation 3;2°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 ff, 14v-15r. 61. Table of the manda equation of Saturn for 1° to 180°. The maximum is 7;40" at 94 to 95°. The apogee is at Scorpio 26:37,31°. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 108 ff. 15r~15v. The Grahasarani of Gangadhara. I. The Life of Gatgadhara. Gangadhara, the son of Bhairava of the Bharadvajagotra and the pupil of Divakara, resided in Kasi (Benares), where he wrote a Pragnabhairava in Saka 1551 A.D. 1629: a Paddhatisdra in Saka 1551 -= A.D. 1629; a Muhiirtalankira in Scka 1554— AD 1632; a Muhirtabhairava in Saka 1575=- A.D. 1653; and a ===== стр 134 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 135 Tajikaratna in Saka lito -—- A.D. 1653. The Grehasdrayi, us is stated in the first two verses, was composed in Saka 1052 =: A.D. 1630: Srivighnapam srigurum asu natva tanoti sadhvim grahalaghavasya / {am saranim vijnamude pratityai gangadharah khecarasighrasiddhyai //1// dvipaficapancenduvihinasakah sivuddhrtas cakrasamakhyamasam / sesam ravighnam gatamasayuktam prthag yutas cakratithidvihatya /,2:, Verse 56 confirms that the author of the Grahasdrini is the well-known son of Bhairava: bharadvajamahanvaye jananatam prapnoti vikhyatibhak srimadbhairavadaivavid bhuvi param jatah salam agranih / iajjatena divakaraptamatina gangadharenerita prapta khecarasighrasiddhir akhila santustaye purnataém /736// The date indicated by the ksepakas given in tables 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, and 25 is 1 March 1630, which is exactly 10 periods of 4016 days after 18 March 1520, the epoch ot Ganeéa’s Grahalaghava. true . ksepakas tropical differences longitude: Sun 5,31;29,10° 5,31- ~20° Moon 5.115;24,10,59 5,26 —15 uwunar apogee 5,20:3.0 Mars .1,51:48 1,37 415 Mercury’s anom. 1,55;3 (Mercury) 10 Jupiter 5, 9:6 5.27 -16 Venus’ anom, 2,29;49 (Venus) 36 Saturn 3, 8:21 3,35 —27 Lunar node 59;18 117 —18 The parameters confirm the text’s statement that the tables are based on the Ganegapaksa. ===== стр 135 ===== 186 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND ji. Manuscripts: Benares (1963) 35917, 4{f. Copied in Sam. 1947, Saka 1812 = A.D. 1890. “BM Add. 14,363a, 15ff. “BM Add. 14,365g, 13ff. NL Tables. The mean motion tables are for 0 to 59 days (the entry for 0 days is the ksepaka); fur 1 to 75 periods of 60 days; and of the dhruvas (these equal 360 diminished by the mean motion in 4016 days) for 1 to 20 periods of 4016 days. The mean daily motions (rounded off) are: Sun 0359,8,10,17~ Jupiter 0;4,59,8,54 Moon 13;10,34,51,56 Venus’ anomaly 0;36,59,40,7 Lunar apogee 0;6,40,51,26 Saturn 0;2,0,23,5 Mars 0;31,26,31,4 Lunar node 5,56;49,11,35 Mercury’s anomaly 3;6,24,8,7 Lunar node —0;3,10,48,25 1. Table of the mean motion of the Sun for 0 to 59 days. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,3638a, f. 3r; BM Add. 14,365g. f. 3r. 2. Table of the mean motion of the Sun for 1 to 75 periods of 60 days. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. ff. 2v-3r; BM Add. 14,365g. ft. 2v-3r, 3. Table of the mean motion of the dhruva of the Sun for 1 to 20 periods of 11 “years,” or 4016 days. The motion in 1 period is 1;49,11,0°. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. f. 3r; BM Add, 14,365g, f. 3r. 4, Table of the mean motion of the Moon for 0 to 59 days. 3r-3v. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. ff. 3r-3v; BM Add. 14,365g. ff. 5. Table of the mean motion of the Moon for 1 to 75 periods of 60 days. Manuscripts: BM Add, 14,363a. f. 3v; BM Add, 14,365g. f. 3v. ===== стр 136 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 1st 6. Table of tie mean motion of the dhruva of the Mvoou tor 1 to 20 periods of 11 “years.” The motion in 1 period is 3;46,11,0°. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,3684. ff. 3v-4r; BM Add. 14,365g. 1. 4e, 7. Table of the mean motion of the lunar apogee for 0 to a days, Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. f. 4r; BM Add. 14,365g. f) dr. 8. Table of the mean moiiun of the lunar apugee for 1 to 75 periods of 60 days. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a, ff. 4r-4v; BM Add. 14,3653. ff. 4r—4v, 9. Table of the mean motion of the dhruva of the lunar apogee for 1 to 20 periods of 11 “years.” The motion in 1 period is 4,32;45,0°. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. {£. 4v; BM Add. 14,365g. f. 4v. 10. Table of the mean motion of Mars for 0 tu 59 days. Manuscripts: BM Add, 14,363a. ff. 4v-5r; BM Add, 14,365g. f. 4v. 11. Table of the mean motion of Mars for 1 to 75 periods of 60 days. Manuscripts: BM Add, 14,363a. f. 5r; BM Add. 14,365g. ff. 4v—dr. 12. Table of the mean motion of the dhruva of Mars for 1 to 20 periods of 11 “years.” The motion in 1 period is 55;32,0°. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,3634. f. 5r; BM Add, 14,365g. f. 5r. 13. Table of the mean motion of Mercury's anomaly for 0 to 59 days. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. ff. 5r-5v; BM Add, 14,365g. ff. 5r-5v. 14. Table of the mean motion of Mercury’s anomaly for 1 to 75 periods of 60 days. 15. Table of the mean motion of the dhruva of Mercury's anomaly for 1 to 20 periods of 11 “years.” The motion in 1 period is 2,3;27,0°. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. f. 6r; BM Add. 14,365g. f£. 5v. 16. Table of the mean motion of Jupiter for 0 to 59 days. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. f. 6r; BM Add. 14,365. ff. 5v-6r. 18 ===== стр 137 ===== 138 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND is. Table ot the mean motion of Jupiter for 1 to 75 periods ol 60 days. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. ff. 6r-6v; BM Add. 14,365. f. 6r. 18. Table of the mean motiun of the dhruva of Jupiter for 1 to 20 periods of 11 “years.” The motion in 1 period is 26;18,0°. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. {. 6v; BM Add. 14,365g. f£. 6v. 19. Table of the mean motiun of Venus’ anomaly for 0 to 59 days. Manuscripts: BM Add, 14,363a. ff. 6v.-7r; BM Add. 14,465g. f. 6v. 20. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ anomaly for 1 to 75 periods of 75 days. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. ft. 7r; BM Add. 14,365g. ff. 6v. 7r. 21. Table of the mean motion oi the dhruva of Venus’ anomaly for 1 to 20 periods of 11 “years.” The motion in 1 period is 44:2,0°. Manuscripts: BM Add, 14,363a. ff. 7r-7v; BM Add. 14,365g. f. Tr. 22. Table of the mean motion of Saturn for 0 to 59 days. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. f. 7v; BM Add. 14,365g. f. 7r. 23. Table of the mean motion of Saturn for 1 to 75 periods of 60 days, Manuscripts: BM Add, 14,368a. ff. 7v-8r; BM Add, 14,365g. f. 7v. 24. Table of the mean motion of the dhruva of Saturn for 1 to 20 periods of 11 “years.” The motion in 1 period is 3,45;42,0 . Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. £. 8r; BM Add. 14,365g. f. 7v. 25. Table of the mean motiun of the lunar node for 0 to 39 days. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,368a. ff. 8r-8v; BM Add, 14,365g. tt. Tv-8r. 26. Table of the mean motiun of the lunar node for 1 to 75 periods of 60 days, Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. f. 8v; BM Add, 14,365g. f. 8r. 27. Table of the mean motion of the dhruva of the lunar node for 1 to 20 periods of 11 “years.”, The motion in 1 period is 3,32;50,0°. : Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,368a. f£. 8v; BM Add. 14,365y. fl. 8r -8v. ===== стр 138 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 139 The tables of equations give only the arguments and corres- ponding equations except that that for the equation of the center of the Sun gives also the longitude of the solar apogee (Gemini 19°) and that those for the equations of the center of the Sun and Moon and the equation of the conjunction of Mars add a column giving the increment to (or decrease from) the mean daily motion. 28. Table of the equation of the center of the Sun for 0” to 90; the maximum equation is 2:10,.45° at 90°, the maximum incre- ment 0; 2,15° at 0°. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. ff. 8v-9r; BM Add. 14 365¢. f. 8v. £9. Table of the equation of the center of the Moon for 0° to 90°; the maximum equation is 5:1.40° at 90°, the maximum increment 1:8,15° at 1°. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. ff. 9r-9v; BM Add. 14,365g. ff. 8v-9r. 30. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Mars for 0° to 180°: the maximum equation is 40;0,0° at 185°, the maximum increment 0:23.12” at 1°. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. ff. Sv-10r; BM Add. 14,5650. ff. 9r~9v. 31. Table of the equation of the center of Mars for 0 t« 90°; the maximum equation is 13;0,0° at 90. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. ff. 10r-10v; BM Add. 14.365¢. f. Ov. 32. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Mercury for 0 to 189°; the maximum equation is 21,12” at 105° to 116°. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. ff. 10v-11lr; BM Add. 14,365¢. ff. 9v-10r. 33. Table of the equation of the center of Mercury for 0° to 90°; the maximum equation is 3;36,0° at 90°. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14.363a. ff. 1lr-llv; BM Add, 14.365g. f. 10v. 34. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Jupiter for 0? to 180; the maximum equation is 10;47,12° (10;46,52° in 14,365) at 104°. One finds 10:48° in the GaneSapaksa. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14.363a. ff. 1lv.-12r; BM Add. 14.365¢. ff. 10v-11r. ===== стр 139 ===== 149 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 35. Table of the equation of the center of Jupiter for 0 to 90°; the maximum equation is 5;42,0 at 90°. Manuscripts’ BM Add. 14,363a. ff. 12r-12v; BM Add. 365g. fi. llr-11v. 36. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Venus for 0’ to 180°; the maximum equation is 46;6,0° at 135°. Manuscripts: BM Add, 14,363a. ff. 12v-13r; BM Add. 14.365g. ff. 11v-12r, 37. Table of the equation of the center of Venus for 0° to 90°; the maximum equation is 1;30,0° at 90’. Manuscripts: BM Add, 14,363a. f. 13r; BM Add. 14,365g. f. 12r. 38. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Saturn for 0° to 180°; the maximum equation is 5;42.0° at 90° to 105’. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14363a. ff 13r-14r; BM Add. 14,365¢. {ff 12r-12v. 39. Table of the eqnation of the center of Saturn for 0° to 99; the maximum equation is 9:18.0° at 90”. Manuscripts) BM Add. 14,363a. f. 14r; BM Add. 14,365¢. ff. 12v-138r. 40. Table of the halfduration of lunar eclipses for 1 to 21 disits; the maximum duration is 4;42 ehatikas ~ 1:52,48 hours at ?1 digits, . Manuscripts: BM Add. 14.363a. f. l4r; BM Add. 14,365¢. f. 13r. 41. Table entitled: akeam<&h daksi, ie. “degrees of terrestrial latitude to the south’? The argument is the length of the noon equinoctial shadow, the entry, the terrestrial latitude north or south, 1 4.54.1" 6 26.2430" 11 42°54,55 16 54;25,20° 2 9:26,10 7 30:6,25 120 45;37.0 17 36;7,25 3 14:6.15 8 33:36,40 13 48:7.13 18 57:37,30 4 18;24,20 9 36;54,46 14 50;25,10 19 58:54.25 5 22:30,25 10 40;0.50 15 52:31,19 20 60;0,40 Menuscripts: BM Add. 14.363a ff. l4r-14v; BM Add. 14.365g. f. 13r. ===== стр 140 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 141 42. Table entitled: ravigrahe harabhiijyau. or “The divisor and the dividend in a solar eclipse.” 0 12, 0 0, 0, 0 1 12, 3 4, 6, 45 10 18,40 13,45. 0 2 12,12 23,13, 0 1L 20,25 0.46.45 3 13,31 3.18.45 12 22,12 24.48, 0 4 13,49 30,24, 0 13 24,3 0,48,45 5 13,30 (sic!) 21,28,45 14 26,12 0.14, 0 6 13,51 18,33, 0 15 28, 0 0,48,45 q 14,30 50,46,45 16 30,57 37,46, 0 8 15,57 1,40, 0 7 33,25 30,46,45 9 17,18 22,42,45 18 36, 0 37,45, 0 Manuscripts: BM Add. 14363a. f. 14v; BM Add, 14,365g. f. 13r. 43. Table of the declination of the Sun for 0° to 90 ; the maximum declination is 24;0,0° at 90°. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14.363a, f. 14v; BM Add. 14,365g. ff. Bry. 44. Table of the latitude (Sara) measured in digits in a lunar eclipse; the argument increases from 0 to 14° of elongation between the Moon and its node. Cf. table 4 of the Karanakesari (SATIUS, pp. 70b-72b). In fact this table is virtually a multipli- cation table of 1;34,15. I have added the column of differences. ard. Sara diff. are. Sara diff. arg. Sara diff. 0 0:0 5 7:51 1;34 10 15:42 1:34 1L 1;34 41:34 6 9:25 1;34 il 17;17 1;35 2 3:8 1:34 vi 10:59 1;34 12 18:51 1:34 3 4;42 1;34 8 12;24 1;25 13 20;49 1:58 4 6:17 1;35 (12;34 1;35) (205325 1;34) 9 14;8 1;34 14 22;0 1;35 Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. f. 15r; BM Add. 14,365¢. f. 13v. 45. Table of deflection (valana) (of the Moon) measured in digits for 0° to 90° of zenith distance. The maximum is 13;0 digits at 90°. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,363a. f. 15r; BM Add. 14,365¢. f. 13v. The Jagadbhiisana of Haridatta. For this work, written in Saka 1560 — A.D. 1638, see SATIUS, pp. 55b-59b, ===== стр 141 ===== The manuscripts of it described in this catalogue are: RAS Tod 59. 112ff. Copied in Sam. 17786 - A.D. 1729. “RAS Tod 36e. &7if. Copied in Sam 1820: . 1763. “IO 252. 88 ff. The Anonymous of 1638. For this work see SATIUS, pp. 59b-60b. The manuscripts of it described in this catalogue are: “BM Add. 26,448b, 5ff. The Pafcangavidyadhari of Vidyadhara, For this work, written in Saka 1565 - A.D. 1643, see SATIU'S, pp. 60b-61b. The manuscripts of it described in this catalogue are: “IO 2529b. 6ff. Copied in Sam. 1783, Saka 1648 .. A.D. 1726. The Grahaprakdsa of Devadatta. I. The Life of Devadatta. Devadatta gives his genealoty in the first four verses of the Grahaprakdasa: pranamya nagananamantrapurnam gurum matambam ravimukhyakhetan ’ sachisyabodhartha<ham prakurve grahaprakasam sulaghuprakaram — 1 dhyatva viSvesvaram devam tatha siddhivinayakam / srrtva purupadambhojam tato labdhvavabodhakam / 2°: jato "ham agryena rathena yaryanukampamrtavrstiprstah ’ paramgatag cakhiladarsaninam nageSabhattam janakam nato ’smi ’ 3// atha upravanenaiva sakaladevatastavanasiddhir iti svagurupragsamsam savinayam aha- ===== стр 142 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 143 ye! padasamsilanalabdhabudha pra-v-sa tv? atimandabodha / acaryavaryutkarakotibodha jatas ca te ’smadguravo jayanti , ,'4, / i. ms, yat. 2. ms. pra... 5a atha Dvevadatta, then, was the sun of Nagesabhatta, who is identical with the NageSa, the son of Govinda of the Bharadvajagotra and tue grand-father of Murari: who wrote the Laghutithidarpana in Saka 1587 —- A.D. 1665. Like his nephew, Murari, Devadatta was a devotee of the goddess Matamba. In verse 5 Devadatta gives the epoch of the Grahaprakédsa as: vedastatithyunitaSaka or Saka 1584 -- A.D. 1662. This date is used again in tables 10 to 18, where we find the following epuch positions (fur avadhi 1) indi- cating as epoch date 28 March 1662. mean true sidereal tropical differences longitudes longitudes Sun 5,97 5,91,39,51” 18 —20° Moon 3,53;0,56,21 1,52 +22 Lunar apogee 48;-,17,16 ca. 4, 4 —il Mars 2,14316,-,10 1,52 +22 Mercury's anomaly 2,35;33,30,41 (Mercury) 29 Jupiter 3,21;37,59,20 3,42 —20 Venus’ anomaly 2,49;50,36,15 (Venus) 43 Saturn 3,395;58,21,26 4,5 —25 Lunar node 2,39;23,43,9 2,07 —18 On f, 4r of BM Add. 26,448e are two more verses giving addi- tional information about Devadatta’s genealogy: bharadvajakule sya vipratilakah Srotre paro naisthiko mantrajnah Srutisastravie ca kuSalah SrikeSavo devavit / tatputro bhisajajmavedanipunah smartahparo daivavid govindakhyatadatmajo ‘ticaluro nagesatatsinuna //1// Sridevadattena krto hi samyak siddhantapaksanugadrstigocarah grahaprakaso ‘tilaghuprakaro grahyah sudhibhih parisodhaniyah .’,’2 These verses (strongly reminiscent of Murari’s) inform us that Devadatta was the son of Nagesa, the son of Govinda, the son of KeSava of the Bharadvajagotra. ===== стр 143 ===== lit SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Devadatla alsv wrote a commentary in 24 verses on the Grahaprakésa which is found in BM Add. 26,448f. The colophon is: ili §rimaddaivajhanagesatmajadevadatta- viracit atmiya- grahaprakasatikayam candragrahanadhikaras trtiyah samaptah. The parameters of the Grahaprakasa indicate that it is based on the Adjusted Sauraprakga. If. Manuscripts: “BM Add. 26,448e. 11ff. BORI 149 of A 1883, 84. 4ff. Il. Tables. 1... Table of dhruvakas or yearly parameters: soon 2,12;46,40,48 Lunar anomaly 1,3235,34,54 Mars 3,11;14. 4,19 (read 3,11;24,936) Mercury's anomaly 54;35,22,48 (read 34;45,22,48) Jupiter 30321, 3,33 (read 30;21,3,36) Venus’ anomaly 3.405 11,4821 (read 3,45;11,49,12) Saturn 12:12,43,58 (read — 12;12,54) Lunar node 5,40;38,40,04 ( 6.0. 19;21,19,6) Lord of the year 1;15,31,31,24 days Manuscripts: BM Add, 26,448e. f. lv. 2. Table of mean daily motions expressed in minutes and seconds. Cf. tables 23 and 24. Sun 59,8 Jupiter 5,0 Moon 790,35 Venus’ conjunction 96,8 Lunar anomaly 783,54 Saturn . 2,0 Mars 31,26 Lunar node —3,11 Mercury’s conjunction 245,32 Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448e. f. 1v. 3. Table of the week-days on which the Sun enters 1 to 12 zodiacal signs. This is table 31. Aries 0; 2,18 Leo 6;32,22 Sagittarius 1319.29 Taurus 2;59,19 Virgo 232,47 Capricorn 2338.22 Gemini 625,19 Libra 4:58, 7 Aquarius 4; 5,32 Cancer 3; 3, 9 Scorpio 6;50,49 Pisces 5;56,29 Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448e. f, lv. ===== стр 144 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 145 4. Table of clongations frum the Sun necessary for the occur- rence uf the stations. Cf. tables 25 and 26. First station Second station Mars 164,39,40 196:36.25 Mercury 144;38,4 216;26.9 Jupiter 130:40,25 230:23,45 Venus 163;35,3 197;29,23 Saturn 115;42,51 245;21,11 Manuscripts: BM Add, 26,448e. f. 2v. 5. Table of elongations from the Sun necessary for the occur- rences of hehacal risings and settings. Cf. tables 27 to 30. Risings Settings East West East West Mars 28597,25 332,645 Mercury 205 527,59 90;93,45° 910; .10,25 155;35,20 Jupiter 14;59,45 34654,25 Venus 183;31,43 24548,14 336;6,13 177332,43 Saturn 17;59,2 3435;4,51 Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448e. {, 2v. 6. Table of corrections to these elongations for each planet m each zodiacal sign. Manuscripts: BM Add, 26,448e. ff. 2v—3r. 7. Table of weeks and week~days on which some phenomenon connected with the zodiacal signs occurs. In the following transcription I have added a column of differences expressed in days, which add up to 364 — 52 weeks. weeks week-days differences Arivs 51 2:27.99 25;98,15 Taurus 3 1: 7,35 26;39,36 Gemini 8 $58.27 38550,52 Cancer 12 1:24.57 24;26,30 Leo 17 5;47,24 39.22.27 Virgo 21 128,50 23:41,26 Libra 26 3:41,12 39;12,22 Scorpio 30 3:29.22 25;48.10 Sagittarius 34 147,26 25;18,4 Capricorn 38 0:24,27 27;37,1 Aquarius 43 6; 3,22 40;38,55 Pisces AT 4329.44 26;26,22 6,4; 0, 0 days=-52 weeks Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448e. f. 3v. 19 ===== стр 145 ===== its SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 8. Table of week days on which the Sun enters 1 to 28 naksatras. Asvini 0; 2,18 Svati 4,39, 3 Bharani 6343,52 Visakha 3399, 4 Krttika 6;32,18 Anuradha 33.8, 5 Rohini 63;26,03 Jyestha 2:15, 6 Mrgasiras 6325,54 Mula 1;19,29 Ardra 6;26, - Purvasadha 0;22, 8 Punarvasu 6-,- Uttaragadha 6;22, 9 Pusya 6;34,-7 Abhijit + 2525,51 Aslesa 634,58 Sravana 5;28,15 Magha 6;32,29 Dhanistha 4;32,16 Purvaphalguni 6;21,52 Satabhisak 3;42,17 Uttaraphalguni 6; 8, 0 Purvabhadrapada 2;53,18 Hasta 5:46, 1 Uttarabhadrapada 2313,19 Citra 5,14, 2 Revati 1344,20 Manuscripts: BM Add, 26,448. f, 4r. 9. Table of the equation of the center of the Moon in 3 columns. Column 1 gives the argument in 1 to 30 steps of 3 ; column 2 the equations, the maximum being 5;2,48° at 30 90°; and column 3 the increment tu (er decrease from) the mean daily motion, the maximum being 1;7,38 at 1_ 3°, Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448e. {. 4r. 10. Table of the mean motion of the Sun for 1 to 52 weeks in Saka 1584 -- A.D. 1662 3. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448e. f. 4v. 11. Table of the mean motion of the Moon for 1 to 52 weeks. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448e. ff, dr-Sv. 12. Table of the mean motivn of the lunar anomaly for 1 to 52 weeks, Manuscripts: BM Add, 26,448e. ff. Sr-5v. 13. Table of the mean motion of Mars for 1 to 52 weeks, Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448e. f. 6r. 14. Table of the mean motion of Mercury’s anomaly for 1 to 52 weeks, Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448e. f£, 6v. 15. Table of the mean motion of Jupiter for 1 to 52 weeks. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448c. f. 7r. ===== стр 146 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 147 16. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ anomaly for 1 to 52 weeks. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448e. f. 7v. 17. Table of the mean motion of Saturn for 1 to 52 weeks. Manuscripts: BN Add. 26,448e. f. 8r. 18. Table of the mean mttion of the lunar node for 1 to 52 weeks. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448e. f. 8v. 19. Table of the equations of the center for 0 to 15 steps of 6. The maximum equations (those for Mercury and Jupiter are lost) are: Sun 2;11° Jupiter (4:59° at 13-78 ) Moon 5: 3” Venus 1:46" Mars 11;32° Saturn 739° Mercury (4:22°at 13-- 78°) Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,4488e. f. 9r. 20. Table of apogees. Sun Gemini 17;17, 1,38” Jupiter Virgo 21:21,27.31° Mars Leo 10; 2,27,50° Venus Gemini 19:5] 45,22 Mercury Scorpio 10:27,58,27 Saturn Scorpio 26:37.31.47° (read Sagittarius) Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448e. f. 9r. 21. Table of the equations of the conjunction for 0 to 30 steps of 6’. The maximum equations are: Mars 40:16° at 22 — 132° Venus 46:24 at 23 — 158 Mercury 21;32° at 19 — 114” Saturn 6:22" at 16 = 96" Jupiter 11;31° at 17 -= 102” 22. Table of the true longitude of the Sun for 1 to 52 weeks in 6 columns. Column 1 gives the argument as 1 to 52 weeks: column 2 its daily progress, with the maximum 1;1,26° at week 38. the minimum 0:56,50° at weeks 12 and 13; column 8 the traikya or sum of the equation of time and the half—equation of daylight, with the maximum being -+- 1;31 at week 11, the minimum —2:48 at week 41; column 4 the length of daylight, with the maximum being 34 ghatikaés at week 12, the minimum 25;59 phatikas at ===== стр 147 ===== i!8 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES iN ENGLAND weck 38; aud colusin 6 the traikya for Kasi (Benares), wih the maximum being --2;5 at weeks 11 and 12, the minimum - 2:18 at week 42. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448e. ff. 10r-10v. 23. Table of mean motions for 1 to 7 days. The meaa daily motions are precisely: Sun 0;59, 8.10" Mercury’s conjunction 4; 5,32,20° Moon 13;10,34,52 Jupiter 0; 4,59, 9 Lunar anomaly 18; 3.53,53 Venus’ conjunction 1:36, 7,43 Mars 0:31,26,28 Saturn 0; 2. 0,22 Lunar node —0; 3,10,45 24. Table of mean daily motions expressed in minutes, seconds, and thirds: ef. tables 2 and 23. Sun 5< 9>, 8,10 Jupiter 4,59, 9 Moon <7 >90, < 34,52 > Venus’ conjunction 96, 7,."43 > Lunar anomaly 783, 53,53 Saturn 2, 0,-22> Mars 31, 26,28 Lunar node 3,10, 46 Mercury’s conjunction 245, 32,20 Manuscripts: BM Add 26,148e. f 11v. Tables 25 to 30 repeat the data of tables 4 and 3. 25. Table of elongations from the Sun for first station, Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448e. f. 11v. 26. Table of elongations from the Sun for second station. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448e, f. 11v. 27. Table of elongations from the Sun for heliacal settings in the West. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26.448e. f. 11v. 28. Table of elongations from the Sun for heliacal settings in the East. Manuscripts: BM Add 26.448e. f. 11v. 29. Table of elongafions from the Sun foe heliveal risines in the West. Manuscripts: BM Add 26448e. f, 1lv. ===== стр 148 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 149 30. Table of elongations from the Sun for heliacal risings in the East. Manuscripts: BM Add, 26,448e. f. Ilv. 31. This is identical with table 3. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26.448e. 1lv. The Grahaprabodhasé@rini of Yadava. For this work, composed in A.D. 1663, see SATIS, pp. 63a—-64b. The manuscripts of it described in this catalogue are: “BM Add. 14,365e. B pp. 1-11. “IO 2088a. Ff. 5-37. The Tithidarpana Murari. I The Life of Murari. Murari’s genealogy is found in some verses on the additional folio of BM Add. 26,448d: daivajfanarayananandanena vinirmite sa (?) tithidarnpane ’smin / horavidam tsu comatk:tartham abdakhyabimbam paripurt (n) amasit ‘/ bharau kendrake ‘3 Murari, then the son and pupil of Narayana, having gone to Kasi (Benares) and bathed at Manikarnika in the eastern part of Ka3i. wrote the Laghutithidarpana in Saka 1587 -- A.D. 1665. II. Manuscripts: “BM Add. 26,448d. 9ff III. Tables. 1. Table of corrections for tithis for 0 to 29 steps of 12° of anomalistic motion of the Moon horizontal, and for 0 to 59 steps of 0;6° vertical. The table is formed so as to be always positive (as also are tables 2 and 3). The maximum correction is 50:17 ehatikas. the minimum 0:0, and the mean 25;8,30. Manuscripts’ BM Add. 26,448d. ff 1r-2r. 2. Table of corrections for naksatras set up as in table 1. The maximum correction is 46:32 ghatikas, the minimum 0:0, and the mean 23;16. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26.448d. ff. 3v~5v. 3. Table of corrections for yogas set up as in table. 1. The maximum correction is 42:54 ghatikas, the minmum 0:0, antl the mean 21;27. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26.448d. ff, 6r-8v. 4. Table of the lengths of shadows at various times of day entitled: chayangulair iztaghatijnana, ie. “knowledge of desired ehatis by means of the digits of the shadow.” The horizontal argument is 1 to 13 and, in steps of 4%, 13!. to 17 ehatis: the vertical argument is 26 to 34° of terrestrial latitude. Manuscripts: BM Add, 26.448d. additional folio, verso. ===== стр 150 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 151 The Laghutithidarpata of Murari. Il. The Laghutithidarpana. The introductory verses of the Laghutithidurpava have already been given above under the Tithidarpana. It ts clear that this work, in contrast to the former, is based on Makaranda’s Makuranda. A subhasita on love is added by a later hand on f. 3v. of BH Add. 26,448h. yad yatam avayoh prema hemakalpadrumopamam smaranamrtaye kena ( mrtu-sekena) varddhaniyam punah punah / iI. Manuscripts: *BM Add. 26,448h. 4ff. il. Tables. 1. Table of tithis entitled: atha tithisaram: Kasyam desantaram varadikam dhanam 0,0,47; cf. BM Add. 26,448a.f. Lr. It is further stated that the epoch is Saka 1587 — A.D. 1665, the epoch of the Laghutithidarpana. The tithi table is in 4 columns. Column 1 gives the argument (entitled Saradanka) for 0 to 15 years and, in steps of 16, for 16 to 240 years; column 2 the tithidhruvaka (11 for single years, 27 for 16 years modulo 30); column 3 the week-day (6;6,12 for 16 years; the epoch value is 3;46,55 days); and column 4 the tithikendra (7;36,18 for single years, 2;45,8 for 16 years). Cf. tables 1 ad 2 of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448h, f. Lr. 2. Table of nakgatras for 0 to 23 years and, in steps of 24, for 24 to 240 years, set up as is table 5. The naksatradhruva is 10 for single years, 23 for 24 years modulo 27; the week-day parameter is 2ff112,35, with the epoch position being 334,34 days; and the naksatrakendra parameters are 7;43,14 for single years, 4;11,18 for 24 years, with the epoch position being 26;44,9 days. Cf. tables 5 and 6 of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448h. f, 1r. 3. Table of yogas for 0 to 23 years and, in steps of 24, for 24 to 240 years, set up as is table 5. The yogadhruva is 10 for ===== стр 151 ===== 132. SANSKRIT ASTRONOSIICAL TABLES IN F<\GLAND single years, 23 fur 24 years modulo 27; the pararncters for 24 years are the same as those tor table 6, though entries fur single years differ. The epoch position of the week-day is 3,7,40 days, that of the yogakendra 26;45,45. Cf. tables 9 and 10 of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: BM Add, 26.448h. f£. lv. 4. Table of week-days on which the Sun enters Aris | a Kasi (Benares)” tor u tu 23 years and, in steps of 24, 1ur 24 su Z4U years. The yearly parameter is 1;15,31,30 days, the epoch position (parually lost in the manuscript) is -;48,53 Gays, Ci. fables 13 and 14 of the Makeranda, Manuscnpts: BM Add. 26,448h, f. lv. 5. Table for 1 tu 26 paksas of weck-days with negative calakas and of tithikendras with positive calakas. Cf. tuble 3 ot the Makaranda, Manuscripts: BM 26,448h. {, 2r. 6. Table of corrections of the length of a tithi tor 0 tu zy increases of 12 in anomalistic motion with divisors (haras). The maximum currec.ion is 49;94 ghatikas, the minimum 0;0, aud the mean 24:57. Ct. table 4 of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448h. f, 2r. 7. Table for 1 to 15 sidereal months ot week-days on which naksatras begin with positive calakas. Cf. table 7 of the Makuranda. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448h. f. 2v. 8. Taole for 1 to 15 sidereal months of naksatrakendras with positive calakas. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448h. £. 2v. 9. Table of corrections of the length of naksatra for 0 to 29 with divisors (haras). The maximum correction is 468 ghatikas, the minimum 0;0, and the mean 23;4. Cf. table 8 of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448h. f. 2v. 10. Table for 1 to 15 of the week-days on which yogas begin with negative calakas. Cf. table 11 of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448h. f. 3r. 11. Table for 1 to 15 of yogakendras with negative calakas. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26.448h. f. 3r. ===== стр 152 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 153 12. Table of corrections of the length of a yoga for 0 to 29 with divisors (haras). The maximum correction is 42;54 ghatikas, the minimum 0;0, and the mean 21;27. Cf. table 12 of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448h. f. 3r. 13. Table of week-days on which the Sun enters each of the 27 naksatras. This is table 16 of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: BM Add. 26,448h. £. 3v. 14. Table of week-days on which the Sun enters each of the 12 zodiacal signs. This is table 15 of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: BM Add, 26,448h. f. 3v. The Pancanganayanasarani, I. The Pakcdnganayanasdrani, The date of this work is given in the first verse as Saka 1640. A.D. 1718. The ksepakas in table 14 indicate as epoch date Sunday 30 March 1718 Julian. true kgepakas tropical differences longitudes Sun 5,57;51,37,23° 19° —21’ Moon 1,49; 3, 5,55 ea. 2,15 —26 Lunar apogee 4,59;46,19,36 Mars 48;18,34,18 56 — 8 Mercury’s conj. 5,41 ;51,44,25 (Mercury) 4 Jupiter 1,41;17,17,12 1,54 13 Venus’ conj. 3, 0;51,20,24 (Venus) 19 Saturn 3, 4; 0,43,54 3,30 —26 Lunar node 2,35;33,21,36 2,54 —19 II. Manuscripts: *Oxford CS f. 5la. 8 ff. lI. Tables. The following tables give the ksepakas and the parameters for collected years (labdha) and single years (Sesa) only. For the parameters, see the Laghutithidarpana of Murari. 20 ===== стр 153 ===== 154 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 1. Table of the tithivara with the dhruva. dhruva lithivara Keypa 9 0; 3,07 labdha (16-year period) 27 6; 6,12 sesa 11 1;11,42 Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. dla. {. 3dr. 2. Table of the tithikendra. ksepa 13:49.8 labdha (16-year period) 2;45.8 sesa 7;36,18 Maauscripts: Oxford CS f. 5la. f. 34. 3. Table cf the naksatravara with the dhruva. dhruva naksatravara ksepa 8 6;58,58 labdha (24-year period) 23 2312,35 Sesa 10 1518,3 Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. dla. f. 32. 4. Table of the naksatrakendra. ksepa 13342,53 labdha (24-year period) 4;11,36 sesa 743,14 Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. dla. f. 3r. 5. Table of the yogavara with the dhruva. dhruva naksatravara ksepa 8 0; 2,12 labdha (24-year period) 23 2312,35 sesa 10 1;17,53 Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. Sla. t. 3r. 6. Table of the yogakendra. ksepa 13;43,36 labdha (24-year period) 4;11,18 sesa 7343, 2 Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. 5la. f. 3r. 7. Table of the Lord of the year. ksepa 0:31,34,59,12 labdha (30-year ; eriod) 2;45,45,42, 0 Stsa 1;15,31,31,24 Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. 5la. f. 3r. ===== стр 154 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 155 8. Table of week-days on which the Sun enters each of the zodiacal signs. Aries 0; 0, 0 Leo 6;29,53 Sagittarius 1;17, 8 Taurus 2357, 2 Virgo 1;30,10 Capricorn 2,36, 2 Gemini 6;22,59 Libra 4;54,40 Aquarius 4; 3,28 Cancer 3; 1,46 Scorpio 6;48,20 Pisces 5;53,40 Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. 51a. f. 3r. 9. Table of tithivaras with negative calakas and of tithi- kendras with pcsitive calakas for 0 to 13 synodic months. The motions in 13 synodic months are 5;53.16 and 27;57,27. Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. 5la. f. 3v. 10. Table of naksatravaras with positive calakas and of naksatrakendras with positive calakas for 0 to 14 sidereal months. The motions in 14 sidereal months are 4:30.45 and 26;26,49. Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. 5la. f. 4r. 11. Table of yogavaras with negative calakas and of yoga- kendras wiith positive calakas for 0 to 14. The motions in 14 are 5:52,31 and 27:27.59. Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. 5la. f. 4v. 12. Table of week-days on which the Sun enters each of the naksatras. Aégvini 0; 00 Svati 4;36,33 Bharani 6:47,13 Visakha 3:53.59 Krttika 6;28,10 Anuradha 3: =, - Robini 6;23,20 Tyestha 2:13, 3 MrgaSiras 6:22,10 Mila 1:17, 8 Ardra 6;24,40 Parvasadha 0;18,56 Punarvasu 6:28.56 Uttarasadha 6;20,30 Pusya 6;33,13 Sravana 5:23,15 ASlesa 6;33,17 Dhanistha 4:28,52 Magha 6;29.53 Satabhisak 3:38.42 Parvaphalguni 6:-7 19> 42 Parvabhadrapada 2:53.24 Uttaraphalguni 6; 5, 8 Uttarabhadrapada 2:14, 6 Hasta 5;48,43 Revati 1:41,29 Citra 5:13, 2 Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. dla. f. 5r. 13. Table of corrections to lengths of tithis, naksatras. and yogas for 0 to 29 steps of 6°. The entries are identical with those in tables 6, 9, and 12 of the Laghutithidarpana. Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. 5la. f. 5v. ===== стр 155 ===== 156 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 14. Table cf mean motion parameters for 30-year periods and for single years with ksepakas. These parameters are from the Adjusted Saurapakga. Labdhakas Sesakas Sun 0; 6, 0 0; 0, 0, 0° Moon 23;20,24 2,12;46,46,48 Lunar apogee 2.20;31,29 40;41, 3,18 Mars 5,42, 4,48 3,11;24, 9,36 Mercury’s conjunction 3,22:41,24 54,45;22,28 Jupiter 3,10;31,48 30:21, 3,36 Venus’ conjunction 4,35;54.36 3,45;11,49,12 Saturn 6;27,36 12;12,54, 0 Lunar node 2,19;23, 6 5,40:38,43,13 + 3.40:38,46,12) Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. dla. f. 6r. 15. Table cf mean motion parameters for 1 week. Sun 6:53,57,11- Jupiter 0:34,51, 1° Moon 1,32;14, 5, 9 Venus’ conj. 11;12,54, 6 Lunar apogee 0; 16,46.5€ Saturn 0:14, 2,40 Mars 3340, 5,17 Lunar node ----0;22.15,16 Mercury’s conj. 28;38,46,25 Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. 51a. £. 6r. 16. Table of mean motion parameters for 1 day. Sun 0;59, 8,10,10° Jupiter 0; 4,59, 8,48” Moon 13;10.34.52, 4 Venus’ conj. 1:36, 7,43,37 Lunar apogee 0; 6,40,59,33 Saturn 0; 2, 0,22,53 Mars 0;31,26,28,11 Lunar node - 0: 2.10.44 55 Mercury’s conj 4; 5,32,20,42 These are the Saurapaksa parameters shortened, not the para- meters of the Adjusted Saurapaksa. Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. 51a. of. 6r. 17. Table of apogees. Sun Gemini 17;17,11 Jupiter Virgo 21:21,51° Mars Leo 10; 2,33 Venus Gemini 19;51,59 Mercury Scorpio 10;28, 8 Saturn Scorpio 26;37,33 Manuscripts: Oxfcrd CS f. dla. f. 6v. 18. Table of the corrections fer the longitudinal difference of Kasi (Benares), Ayodhya (Ayodhya), and Laksmanapura (Lucknow). ===== стр 156 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 157 Kasi Ayodhya Laksmanapura Sun 0; 0,47 0; 0,47° 0; 0,35° Moon 0;10,32 0; 8,44 0: 7,54 Lunar apogee 0; 0,5 0; 0, 4 0; 0, 4 Mars 0; 0,25 0; 0,21 0; 0,19 Mercury’s conj. 0; 3,16 0; 2,46 0; 2,27 Jupiter 0; 0,24 — — Venus’ conj. a 0; 1,5 0; 0,58 Saturn 0; 0, 2 0; 0, 1 0; 0, 1 Lunar node 0; 0, 3 0; 0, 3 0; 0, 2 Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. 51a. f. 6v. 19. Table of elongations from the Sun required for the occur- rence of the Greek-letter phenomena. Mars Mercury Jupiter Venus Saturn First station 164° 144° 130° 167° 115" Last station 196 216 230 193 145(245) First visibility (east) 28 205 14 <18>3 17 Last visibility (west) 332 155 346 177 343 First visibility (west) 50 <24> Last visibility (east) 100(310) 336 Save in the case of Saturn these are the parameters of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. 5la. f. 6v. 20. Table of unknown import. Aries 9 Pisces Taurus 10 Aquarius Gemini 11 Capricorn Cancer 4 Sagittarius Leo 16 Scorpio Virgo 18 Libra 18 Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. 5la. f. 4r. 21. Table cf equations of the center for 0 to 29 steps of 6°. The maximum equations at 15--90° are: Sun 2;11° Jupiter 5; 5 Moon 5:3 Venus 1;45 Mars 11,39 Saturn 7:39 Mercury 4:45 Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. 5la. ff. 7r-Tv. ===== стр 157 ===== 158 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 22. Table of equations of the conjunction set up as in table 21. The maximum equations are: Mars 40;16" at 22 --.132« Mercury 21;30 at 19—114 Jupiter 11:31 at 17 := 102 Venus 46;24 at 23 -- 138 Saturn 6:21 at 16- 96 Manuscripts: Oxford CS f. 5la. f. 8r. The Ganitaréja of Kevalarama Paficanana. I. The Life of Kevalarama Paficanana. Kevalarama’s first work. the Ganitaraja, was written under Krsnacandra, who became king of Navadvipa (Nadia, Bengal) in Kali 4829:-A.D. 1728: this date is used as epoch of the Ganitaraja, which follows the Adjusted Saurapaksa. Verses 3 and 4 of this -vork are: Srikrsnacandra dvijasarvabhaumo bhipalacakrarcitapadapadmah ’ kaler gatabde “ikakarastavedair mite navadvipapatitvam apa ‘/3// tato gatanadm Saradam samuccitam krtva navadvipanrpabdapindakam / tatstryasiddhantamatam samasatah paficanano vakti vicitrasangraham /’4/' The date indicated by the ksepas in tables 24 to 29 is Satur- day 30 March 1728 Julian. true ksepakas tropical differences longitudes Mars 2,42;20,23° 2,29° +13° Mercury’s anom. 2,49;27, 0 (Mercury) 21 Jupiter 44:47,55 1,1 —i16 Venus’ anom. 4.32;50, 7 (Venus) 5,44 Saturn 5, 6; 9,45 5,24 —-18 Lunar node 5,22; 8,23 5,40 —18 In Saka 1681 -=- A.D. 1739 Kevalarama wrote a Grahacarita at Gauda (Gaur, Malda, Bengal) and in Saka 1684 A.D. 1762 Grahacara. He is also known to have written a Bhdgavatajyotih- ===== стр 158 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 159 sastrayor bhigolakhagolavirodhaparihéra, a Rekhapradipa, a Drk- pakgaséravi and a Tithisérani ot which manuscripts are found in Gujarat and Rajasthan; they probably were wriiten when he was at the court of Madhavasimha at Jaipur in the 1760's Il. Manuscripts: Baroda 10078. 64ff. Copied in Saka 1734 = A.D. 1812. Paris BN 957 (Sanscrit Bengali 189) 1 (Guérin 28). Ben- gali script. Copied in 1840. Incomplete. “IO 983. 54ff. Bengali script. Ql. Tables. 1. Table of the duration ot svlar eclipses in ghatikas for 1 to 17 minutes in the radium of the Sun that are covered at mid- eclipse. The values are: Minutes Ghatikas Minutes Ghatikas Minutes Ghatikas 1 0;38 7 2;51 13 4;11 2 1;11 8 3312 14 4;20 3 1;37 9 3326 15 4;30 4 2; 2 10 3338 16 4;39 5 2322 11 3350 17 4;45 6 2;40 12 4,1 Manuscripts: 10 983 f. 13bis r. 2. Table said to be of the krantyaméah (‘degrees of decli- nation”) for 1 to 27 units (3;20°?) of the bhuja (“anomaly”), The fact that the maximum is identical in this table and in table 4 shows that the function tabulated here is the diameter (in digits) of the Sun. L 3,54 10 29, 2 19 43,45 2 7,34 11 31, 2 20 45, 0 3 10,54 12 32,56 21 46,18 4 14, 4 13 34,42 22 47,22 3 17, 0 14 36,25 23 48,27 6 19,42 15 38, 2 24 49,32 7 22,15 16 39,34 25 50,34 8 24,38 17 41,1 26 51,32 9 27, 0 18 42,25 27 52,30 Manuscripts: 10 983 f. 18bis r. ===== стр 159 ===== 160 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 3. Table of the diameter of the Moon: The argument is the number of ghatikas required for the Moon to travel 13;20°. 55 53;0 61 47;30 56 52;0 62 47; 0 bY 51;0 63 46; 0 58 30;30 64 45;30 59 49;30 65 44;30 60 48;30 66 44; 0 Manuscripts: IO 983 f. 13bis r. 4. Table of the diameter of the Sun for every 10 days of solar motion, 16 50, 9 100 49,30 (49,0) 190 51,30 280 52,30 20 49,30 110 49,30 (49,0) 200 52, 0 290 52,30 30 49,30 120 49,30 210 52, 0 300 52, 0 40 49,30 130 49,30 220 52,30 310 51,30 50 49, 0 140 49,30 230 52,30 320 51.30 60 49, 0 150 50, 0 240 52,30 330 51, 0 70 49, 0 160 50, 0 250 53, 0 340 dl, 0 80 48,30 170 50,30 260 52,30 350 50.30 90 48,30 180 51, 0 270 52,30 360 50.30 Manuscripts: IO 983 f. 13bis r. 5. Table of an unidentified entity. The argument is from 1 to 105 unknown units. 1 0; 7 21 1;39 41 2:19 2 0:14 22 1,41 42 2:21 3 0321 23 1,44 43 2323 4 0528 24 1;47 44 2325 5 0334 25 1;49 45 2526 6 0;40 26 1;52 46 2327 7 0:45 27 1;54 4 2328 8 0;50 28 1;56 48 2328 9 0:55 29 1;58 49 2;29 10 1; 0 30 2; 0 50 2;30 ine 1,4 31 2; 2 51 2331 12 1;8 32 2; 4 52 2332 13 1:12 33 2; 6 53 2333, 14 1;16 34 2; 7 54 2334 45 1;20 35 2: 8 55 2;35 16 1,23 36 2;10 56 2;36 17 1,27 37 2:11 57 2337 18 1:30 38 2313 58 2:38 19 1;33 39 2315 359 2339 20 1;36 40 2317 60 2340 ===== стр 160 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 161 61 2;41 76 2352 91 3; 0 62 2342 . 17 2303 92 3; 1 b3 2343 78 2353 93 3; 1 64 2:44 79 2304 94 3,2 65 2:44 80 2354 95 3; 2 66 2345 81 2355 96 3; 3 67 2:46 82 2355 97 3; 4 68 2A7 83 2306 98 3; 4 69 2:48 84 2356 99 335 70 2:48 85 2357 100 335 71 2:49 86 2357 101 3; 6 72 2350 87 2598 102 3; 6 13 2;50 88 2358 103 337 74 2351 89 2:59 104 3,7 735 2352 90 3; 0 105 3; 7 Manuscripts: I0 983 f. 13bis r. 6. Table of the lengths of time required for the Moon to traverse one naksatra or 13;20°. The first column gives the lunar anomaly from perigee in intervals of 13;30'., the second the lengths of the naksatras in dandas (~ ghatikas), and the third an unidentified quantity. 13;30 55 185342 27; 0 56 182;77 40;30 57 179;21 54; 0 58 176; 9 67;30 59 172;57 81; 0 60 169;45 94;30 61 167;16 108; 0 62 164;30 121;30 63 161;50 135; 0 64 159;10 148;30 65 156;36 162; 0 66 153;50 175; 0 (175;30) 189; 0 Manuscripts: I0 983 f. 13bis v. 7. Table of the half-durations of lunar eclipses measured in ghatikas. The argument increases from 1 to 180; the entry for 180 is 4;36 ghatikas. Manuscripts: IO 983 {. 13bis v. 8. Table of the Lord of the year 1 to 10 years, and for 0 to 100 years in steps of 10. The yearly parameter is 1;15.31.31,24 days, the epoch position 6;9,25,0 days. Manuscripts: IO 983 f. 14r. 21 ===== стр 161 ===== 162 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 9. Table of the motions of the tithidhruva, tithivara, and tithikendra for 1 to 31 years and for 0 to 62 years in steps of 31. The yearly parameters and epoch positions are: yearly parameter epoch pusition tithidhruva i 0 tithivara 4311,41,43 6327,27,0 tithikendra 7;36,18,15 0;54,51,0 Manuscripts: 10 983 ff. l4r-14v. 10. Table of the mctions of the naksatradhruva, naksatra- vara and naksatrakendra for 1 to 24 years and for 0 to 48 years in steps of 24. The yearly parameters and epoch positions are: yearly parameters epoch positions naksatvadhruva 10 26 naksatravara 1318, 3 5;25,25 naksatrakendra 7;43,14 295;47,29 Manuscripts: 10 983 f. 14v-lor. 11. Table of the motions of the yogadhruva, yogavara, and and yogakendra for 1 to 24 years and for 0 to 72 years in steps of 24. The yearly parameters and epoch positions are: yearly parameters epoch positions yogadhruva 10 26 yogavara 1;17,33 5328,30 yogakendra 7343, 2 29;51,28 Manuscripts: 10 983 ff. lir-lov. 12. Table of corrections to tithis for 0 to 29 units of 12° increase in lunar anomaly horizontal, and for 1 to 59 units of 0;6°. The maximum correction is 24;50 ghatikas. Manuscripts: IO 183 ff. 15v-17v, 13. Table of 4 functions (unidentified) for the following days in a year: dyu (.- 0), 14, 29, 44, <59>, 74, 88, (103), 117, 132, 147, 161, 176, 191, 206, 221, 236, 250, 265, 280; 295; 310; <325>, 339, and 354—thus for every syzygy. The 4 func- tions have the following maxima and minima (the day-numbers are in parentheses); ===== стр 162 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 163 maxima minima | 1; 0,59,14 (250-280) 1;0,58,51 (172) 2 2; 4.29 (250-265) 2:4, 6 (59) 3 15; 635,32 (172) 0:0, 0, 0 (0) 4 28:37,45 (191) 0;0, 0 (0) Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 18r-19r. 14. Table of corrections to naksatras set up as is table 12, save that the argument is in degrees of sidereal longitude. The maximum correction is 23;0 ghatikas. Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 19r-21v. 15. Table of 4 functions (unidentified) for the following days in a year: 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 76, 91, 106, 121, 136, 151, 166, 181, 196, 211, 226. 242, 257, 273, 228, (288), 308, 318, 333, 348, and 263. The 4 functicns have the following maxima and minima: maxima minima 1 1:1,0,45 (333-363) 1;1,0.41 (121-226) 2 1;6,7 (30) 1;6,5 (242-257 and 303) 3 24;4,49,53 (242) 0;0,3,0 (0) 4 28;44,35 (136) 0:0,2 (0) Manuscripts: I0 983 ff. 21v-22v. 16. Table of corrections to yogas set up as is table 12, save that the argument is in degrees of elongation from the Sun. The maximum correction is 21;22 ghatikas. Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 22v-24v. 17. Table of 4 functions (unidentified) for the folowing calendar dates using solar months (the differences are given in parentheses): 0, 13 Vaigdkha (13), 28 VaiSakha (15), 10 Jyestha (13), 25 Jyestha (15). 7 Asadha (14), 22 Asadha (15), 4 Sravana (13), 19 Sravana (15), 2 Bhadra (14), 15 Bhadra (13), 29 Bhadra (14), 13 ASsvina (15). 26 ASvina (13), 11 Karttika (15), 24 Karttika (13), 9 Agraharana (15), 23 Agraharana (14), 8 Pausa (15), 22 Pausa (14), 9 (7) Magha (14). 20 Magha (13), 5 Phalguna (15), 19 Phalguna (14). 4 Caitra (15). and 18 Caitra (14). The 4 functions have the following maxima and minima: maxima minima 1 1;0.56,38 (10 Jyestha—22 Asadha) 1:0,56,20 (9 Agraharana—22 Pausa) 2 1:1,40 (7 Asadha—22 Acadha) 1:1,20 (9 Agraharana—8 Pausa) 3 24:3,3.2 (18 Caitra) 0:0,0,0. (0) 4 24;23,2 (18 Caitra) 0:0.0.0 (0) Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 24v-25v. ===== стр 163 ===== Wt SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 18. Table of week days on which the Sun enters each of the 27 naksatras. The entries are close to, but nut identical with, those in tables 16 and 16¢ of the Makarauda. Manuscripts: IO 983 f. 25v. 19. Table of the days in the year oun which each of the 12 solar months ends. Vaisakha 31 Bhadra 156 Pausa 275 Jyestha 63 Asvina 187 (186) Magha 305 Asadha 94 Karttika 216 Phalguna 335 Sravana 125 Agraharana 246 Caitra 365 Manuscripts: IO 983 f. 26r. 20. Table of the mean motion of the lunar node for 1 to 10 vears and for 0 to 40 years in steps of 10. The yearly mean motion is -19;21,34'; the epoch position -39;51,10°. Cf. table 29. Manuscripts: IO 983 f. 26r. 21. Table of the true longitude of the Sun for 1 to 366 days. Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 26r-28r. 22. Table of the mean motion of the Sun for 1 to 60 ghati- kas. The daily mean motion is 0;59,8°. Manuscripts: IO 983 f. 28r. 23. Table of the mean longitude of the Sun for 1 to 366 days. In 365 days it travels 5,59:44,44° Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 28r-30r. 24. Table of the mean motion of Mars for 1 to 10 years and for 0 to 70 years in steps of 10. The yearly mean motion is 3,11;24,9,36°; the epoch longitude 2.42:20.23°. Manuscripts: IO 983 f. 30r. 25. Table of the mean motion of Mercury’s conjunction for 1 to 10 years and for 0 to 70 years in steps of 10. The yearly mean motion is 54;45,22,48°; the epoch longitude 2.49:27,0 . Manuscripts: TO 983 f. 30r. 26. Table cf the mean motion of Jupiter for 1 to 10 years and for 0 to 70 years in steps of 10. The yearly mean motion is 30;21,3,36°; the epoch longitude 44;47,55°. Manuscripts: IO 983 f. 30r. ===== стр 164 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 165 27. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ conjunction for 1 to 10 years and for 0 to 70 years in steps of 10. The yearly mean motion is 3.45:11.49,12 ; the epoch longitude 4;32,50,7 . Manuscripts: IO 983 f. 30v. 28. Table of the mean motion of Saturn for 1 to 10 years and fcr 0 te 70 years in steps of 10. The yearly mean motion is 32-12,54°; the epoch longitude 5,6;9,45". Manuscripts: IO 983 £. 30v. 29. Table cf the mean motion of the lunar node for 1 to 10 years and for 0 to 70 years in steps of 10. The yearly mean motion is -19;21,11.24°; the epoch longitude -37;51,37°. Cf. table 20. Manuscripts: IO 983 f. 30v. 30. Table of the mean motion of Mars for 1 to 366 days; the motion in 365 days is 3.11:47,27". Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 31r-32v. 31. Table of the mean moticn of Mercury’s conjunction for 1 to 366 days: the motion for 366 days is 57: 46,35°. Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 32v-33bis r. 32. Table of the mean motion of Jupiter for 1 to 366 days: the motion for 366 days is 30: 24.50°. Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 33bis v-34v. 33. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ conjunction for 1 to 366 days: the motion for 366 days is 3,46:23,12°. Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 34v—36r. 34. Table of the mean mction of Saturn for 1 to 366 days: the motion for 366 days is 12;14,23°. Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 36r-37v. 335. Table of the mean motion of the lunar node for 1 to 366 days; the motion for 366 days is ~19;23,50°. Manuscripts: TO 983 ff. 37v-38v. 36. Table of clongations from the Sun necessary for the first end last visibilities of the planets in the several zodiacal signs. ===== стр 165 ===== 1¢6¢ SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND vy oa) Ile Om % m= Mars 22:29 19;50° 16;40° 15; 0 15:30" Mercury si 18:34 19520 13;45 12;21 12;43 vam 15351 14; 0 11:45 10;36 10;56 Jupiter 14:32 12;53 10347 9;42 9; 7 Venus $i 13;13 11;40 9:48 8:49 9; 7 vam 10335 9;20 7:51 7; 4 7:12 Saturn 19;50 17;30 14;42 13315 13;41 Manuscripts: I0 983 f. 38v. The tables of planetary equations are arranged in the following way. The first table for each planet gives halves of the equation of the conjunction, the second the equation of the center, and the third the equation of the conjunction. In all cases the equation is normed so as to be always positive by adding to each entry the maximum and a constant. The tables are for 0 to 11 zodiacal sions horizontal and for 1 to 30° vertical. 37. Table of half the equation of the conjunction of Mars. The constant is 0;49° at 128° to 132°, the maximum 41;5° at 228° to 241°, and the maximum half equation 20;8°. Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 39r-39v. 38. Table of the equation of the center of Mars. The constant is 29;28° at 245° to 249°, the maximum 52:32” at 63° to 67°, the maximum equation 11;32°: the apogee is at Leo 19°. Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 39v—40v. 39. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Mars. The constant is 0;42° at 268, the maximum 81;18° at 172°, the maxi- mum equation 40;16°. Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 40v—41v. 40. Table of half the equation of the conjunction of Mer- cury. The constant is 8;45° at 110°, the maximum 20-16° at 249 to 250°, the maximum half-equation 10:45.30°. Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 41v—42r. 41. Table of the equation of the center cf Mercury The constant is 17:32” at 332° to 330°. the maximum 26:98° at 146° to 148°, the maximum equation 4:28°: the apogee is at Scornio 20° Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 42r—43r. ===== стр 166 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 167% 42. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Mercury The constant is 0;29°° at 273°, the maximum 43;31° at 131°, the maximum equation 21;31°. Manuscripts: 10 983 ff. 43r—44r. 43. Table of half the equation of the conjunction of Jupiter. The constant is 2;52° at 100, the maximum 14;24’ at 250° to 251°, the maximum half-equation 5;46°. Manuscripts: 10 983 ff. 44r—44v. 44. Table of the equation of the center of Jupiter. The constant is 6;54° at 271° to 274°, the maximum 17;6” at 86° to 89~, the maximum equation 5;6°; the apogee is at Virgo 13°. Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 44v-45v. 45. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Jupiter. The constant is 0;28° at 272°, the maximum 23;32” at 102°, the maxi- mum equation 11;32°. Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 45v—46v. 46. Table of hali the equation of the conjunction of Venus, The constant is 0;58’ (read 0;51°) at 140 , the maximum 47;15 at 220° to 221°, the maximum halt-equation 23;8,30°; the argu- ment begins at 0°. Manuscripts: 10 983 ff. 46v-47v. 47. Table of the equation of the center of Venus. The constant is 48;15° at 184- to 202°, the maximum 51;45° at 6° to 22°, the maximum equation 1;45°; the apogee is at Cancer 5°. Manuscripts: I0 983 ff. 47v—-48v. . 48. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Venus. The constant is 3;36° at 272° to 274°, the maximum 96;24° at 186° to 188°, the maximum equation 46,24”. Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 48v—49v. 49. Table of half the equation of the conjuction of Saturn. The constant is 0;12° (read 0;10°) at 94° to 99°, the maximum 6;32° at 267 to 271°, the maximum half—equation 3,11’. Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 49v-50v. 50. Table of the equation of the center of Saturn. The constant is 0;20° at 334° to 335°, the maximum 15;40° at 144° to 145°, the maximum equation 7;40°; the apogee is at Scorpio 29°. Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 50v-5lv. ===== стр 167 ===== ius SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 51. Table of the equation of the cenjunction of Saturn. The constant is 1;38 at 270 to 276 , the maximum 14;22 at 100 to 116°, the maximum equation 6322”. Manuscripts: IO 983 ff. 5lv-S2v. The Grahadgan.a of Govindasunu. I. The Life of Govindasuinu. The son of Govinda (who dues not give his name) speaks very obscurely in his first verse: sambam ca laksmipatisastharupanamagrajas talpararupanama, strinam apirvo grahadam karvti govindanamatmaja eva natva, - The second verse commences; pancankabhuponasaku—-i.v., Saka 1695=-A.D. 1773. The date is confirmed by the ksepas in table 1. It is possible that the father, Govinda, is the astrologer of that name who wrote a Ramalarkapraka@sa at Virata (Bairat, Jaipur, Rajasthan) in Sam. 1800 = A.D. 1743. In the colophons of the Grahagama one reads: govindasinuna cokte grahayame manohare éipoSi iti samsthe. I have not been able to identify Siposi. Govindasinu, as will appear, follows the Ganesapaksa. II. Manuscripts: *BM Add. 14,363d. Lf *BM Add. 14,365b. A p. 1 and B pp. 1-2. III. Tables. 1-9. Tables of the mean motions of the planets for 1 day, 30 days, and 360 days; the longitudes of the apogees (where appropriate); and the mean motions for dhruvankas (periods of 4,016 days) 0 to 7. The entries for dhruvanka 0 are the epoch positions; they yield the date 6 February 1773 Julian (23 dhn. vankas after the epuch of the Grahalaghava). mean sidereal true tropical longitude longitude difference Saturn 2,14;15” 2,42 —28° Jupiter 5,27322 5.40 13 Mars 1,49;52 1,53 — 3 Sun 5. 7;49,47 5,28 20 Venus’ anom. 4,57;33 (Venus) 5, 0 Mercury’s anom. 5,10;12 (Mercury) 5, 8 Moon 4,22;23,47 ca. 4,38 —16 Lunar apogee 14;18 Lunar node ~-2,52328 —2AT —5 ===== стр 168 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 169 The mean daily motions are those of the GaneSapaksa (the differences are due te the fact that the motions for 360 days are given only to three sexagesimal places). mean daily longitudes of motions apogees Saturn 0; 2, 0,23, 4,30 240 Jupiter 0; 4,59, 8,34,20 180 Mars 0331,26,31, 3,30 120 Sun 0,59, 8,10,17, 0 78 Venus anomaiy 1;36,09,40, 0,40 90 Mercury's anomaly 3; 6,24, 8, 6,50 210 Moon 13;10,34,51,55,50 Lunar apogee 0; 6,40,51,25,40 Lunar node 0; 3,10,48,25,10 Manuscripts: BM Add, 14,365b. B p. 1, 10-14. Tables ot the manda equations of the planets, each in 3 columns. Column 1 gives the argument for 0 to 6 units of 15°, column 2 the corresponding equations, and column 3 the gatis. The equativns are those of the GaneSapaksa. maximum equations Saturn 9;18° Jupiter 5:42 Mars 13;0 Venus 1;30 Mercury 3336 Manuscripts: BM 14,365b. Bp, 2. 15-19. Tables of the signra equations of the planets set up as are tables 10-14, but with the argument being for 0 to 12 units of 15°. The equationg are those of the Ganegapaksa. maximum equations Saturn 542 at 6 (90) and 7 (105 ) Jupiter 10:48 at 7 (105°) Mars 40; 0 at 9 (135°) Venus 46; 6 at 9 (135°) Mercury 21;12 at 7 (105°) and 8 (120°) Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,365b. B p. 2. 22 ===== стр 169 ===== 110 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND The Paitraprakasa ot Visramasukla. 1. The Lite of Visramasukla. ‘Though Eggeling assumes that Balabhadra who copied the nianusenpt 10 2631 in 1783 is the author of these tables, there Is no supporting evidence. The date is rather indicated by the tact that below each of the tables of the longitudes of the planets (tables 22 to 26) is noted the date: samvat 1834 A.D. 1777; and the name of the author is indicated by a verse on f. lv: pranamyaikadantam survh padapadinam ca kurve sutithyadipatraprakasain salam pritaye svalpebuddhipraoodham mahascaryabhulam hi visramasuklah | The culophon at the end of the work—iti Srisuryasiddhantamate Sripatrapragasa (sic!) samapta—-informs us that Visramasukla followed the (Adjusted) Saurapaksa. Above several of the tables is given the desantara tor Kasi: + 47 palas. ViSramasukla, then, probably wrote in Benares. Ii. Manuscripts: “JO 2631. 84H. Copied in Saka 1704, Sam. 1839 A.D. 1783. lI. Tables. 1. Table of tithis, week days, and tithikendras for Saka 1672 tu 1736 A.D. 1730 to 1814 in intervals of 16 years. The para- meters fur the tithis and week-days are identical with those in table 1 of the Makaranda; the parameter for the tithikendra is 2:45,8,30 tithis every 16 years, or 7;40,19;16;52;30 tithis a year. Manuscripts: I0 2631 f. lv. 2. Table of tithis, week-days, and tithikendras for 1 to 16 years. The entries for tithis are identical with those in table 2 of the Makaranda; that for the tithikendra is 7;36,17.54 tithis for years 1 to 15, 8;40,40,0 tithis for year 16. Manuscripts: IO 2631 f. lv. 3. Table of week-days and tithikendras with their calakas for 0 to 24 paksas. The entries for the week-days are identical with those in table 3 of the Makaranda; the parameter for the tithikendra for 1 paksa is 16;4,31,55 tithis, Manuscripts: IO 2631 £, lv, ===== стр 170 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 171 4. Table of corrections of the tithi, for 0 to 29 thirtieths of an anomalistic month horizontal, 0 to 59 sixtieths of these vertical. The maximum correction is 24:17 as in table 4 of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: IO 2631 ff. 2r—4r. 5. Table of naksatras, week-days, and naksatrakendras for Saka 1680 to 1752 - A.D. 1758 to 1830 in intervals of 24 years. The parameter for the naksatras is identical with that in table 5 of the Makarandu, The parameter for the week-days is 2;12,34,36 days or 1:15,31.26.30 days a year. The parameter for the naksatra- kendra is 4:11,18.16 tithis for every 24 years, or 7:40.28,15.40 tithis a year. Manuscripts: IO 2631 f. 4v. 6. Table of naksatras. week-days, and naksatrakendra for 1 to 24 years. The parameter for the nakgsatras is IO naksatras for years 1 to 23, 9 naksatras for year 24. The parameter for the week-days is 1;183.12 days for years 1 to 23, 0:17.21,0 days for year 24. Cf. table 6 of the Makaranda. The parameter for the rakeatrakendra is 7:43.13.32 tithis for years 1 to 23. 6:39.7,0 (read 6:37.70) tithis for year 24. Note that (1;18.3.12 ~ 23) + 0:17.21 -- 2:12.34.36 modulo 7; and that (7:43.13.32 °° 23) +. 6:37.7 -- 4:11,18.16 modulo 30. Manuscripts: IO 2631 f. 4v. 7. Table of week-days and naksatrakendras with their calakas for 0 to 13 sidereal months. The entries for the week-days are virtually identical with those in table 7 of the Makaranda: the mean parameter for the naksetrakendra is approximately 29:44 45. Manuscripts: IO 2631 f. 4v. 8. Table of corrections of the naksatrakendra for 0 to 29 thirtieths of a sidereal month horizontal. 0 to 59 sixtieths of these vertical. The maximum correction is 23:4 as in table 8 of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: IO 2631 ff. 5r-7r. 9. Table of yogas. week-days, and yogakendras for Saka 1680 to 1728 -- A.D. 1758 to 1806 in intervals of 24 years. The parameter for the yoga is identical with that in table of the Makaranda. The parameter for the week -days is 2;12,34.20 days or 1;15,31,25,50 days a year. The parameter for the yogakendra ===== стр 171 ===== 172 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND is 4;11,18,16 (cf. table 5) or 4;11,18.26; it should be 4;11,18,46 to agree with table 10, ur 7;40,28,16,55 tithis a year. - Manuscripts: IO 2631 f. 7v. 10. Table of yogas, week-days, and yogakendras for 1 to 24 years. The parameter for the yogas is 10 yogas 1 to 23,9 yogas for year 24. The parameter for the week-days is 1;17,52,40 cays for years 1 tc 23, 0:21,23,0 days for year 24. The para- meter for the yogakendra_ is 7;43,22 tithis for years 1 to 23, 6:°41,32.0 tithis for year 24. Note thar (1;17,52,40 “ 23) -b 0:21 23 + 2:1234.20 modulo 7: and that 7;32.2,.2 « 23) .+ 6:41, 32 4:11,18,46 modulo 30. Cf. table 10 of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: IO 2631 f. 7v. 11. Table of week-davs and yogakendras with their calakas for 0 to 14 yega-months (a yoga-month is the time it takes for the combined increases in longitude of the Sun and Moon to equal 360°) The mean parameter for the week-day is appro- ximately 4:55.10,47.8 days modulo 7, The mean parameter for the yogakendra is approximately 27:40,31,42,51. Cf. table 11 of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: IO 2631 f. Tv. 12. Table of corrections of the yorsakendra for 0 to 29 thir- fieths of a yoga month horizontal 0 to 59 sixtieths of these ver- tical. The maximum ccerrection is 21:27 as in table 12 of the Makaranda, Manuscripts: IO 2631 ff. 8r--10r. 13. Table of week-days on which the Sun enters Aries for Saka 1688 to 1776 A.D. 1766 to 1854 in intervals of 44 years. Cf. table 13 of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: IO 2631 f. 10v. 14. Table of week-days en which the Sun enters Aries for 1 to 44 years. The parameter is 1:153130 days. This is table 14 of the Makaranda. Manuscripts: IO 2631 f. 10v. 15. Table of week-davs on which the Sun enters each of the 28 naksatras. This is table 16 of the Makaronda. save that an entry i. mode fir Abhijit, 2:10.35 after Uttargsadha. Manuscripts: 10 2631 f. 10v. ===== стр 172 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 173 16. Table uf week-days on which the Sun enters each zodia- cal sign. This is table 15 of the Maloranda, Manuscripts: IO 2631 f. 10v. 17. Unexplained table whose argument is Aries to Pisces horizontal and the same vertical; the hcrizontal argument re- presents the ascending node, the vertical argument the Sun. The maximum entry is 107 when the node is in Capricorn and the Sun in Virgo, the minimum 42 when the node is in Libra and the Sun in Sagittarius. Manuscripts: IO 2631 f. 11r. 18. Table of mean cf Mars, Mercury’s anomaly. Jupiter, Venus’ anomaly, Saturn, and the lunar node for Saka 1672 to 1832. A.D. 1750 to 1910 in intervals of 40 years; the entries for the planets are in terms cf tables 22 to 26, and so must be mul- tiped by 6 to give mean longitudes in degrees. Manuscripts: TIO 2631 f. 12r. 19. Table of mean motions of the same entities for 1 to 40 years. The yearly mean motions are. entries mean motions Mars 31,54, 136 (« 6°) 3,11;24, 9,36° Mercury’s anom. 9; 7,33,48 54;45,22,48 Jupiter 4; 3.30.36 30;21, 3,36 Venus’ anom. 37:31 58,12 3,45;11,49,12 Saturn 2; 2,9, 0 12;12,54, 0 Lunar node 5,40;38. 16,12” (—6,0°) -—19;21,13,48 Manuscripts: IO 2631 ff. 12r-12v. 20. Table of the longitudes of the Sun for 1 to 52 weeks; the entry for week 52 (.° 357 days) is 5,51;53,45°. Also record- ed are the Sun’s daily progress for each week (the maximum is 1:2.26° at weeks 38-39, the minimum 0;56,50° at week 13); the traikya or equation of time (the maximum is + 2;5 ghatikas at weeks 11-12, the minimum ~-2:18 ghatikas at week 42): and the length of daylight (the maximum is 34;17 ghatikas at week 12, the minimum 25:47 ghatikas at week 38). Manuscripts: IO 2631 f. 13r. 21. Table of the longitude of the ascending node for 1 to 52 weeks. The entry for week 52 (= 357 days) is -18:54,57°. Manuscripts: IO 2631 f. 13v. ===== стр 173 ===== 174 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 22. Table of the true longitudes of Mars fcr 1 to 52 weeks horizontal, 0 to 59 years vertical, The mean longitudes of Mars increase by 6° for each year; that for week 1 of year is 0°. So also for the other planets. Manuscripts: IO 2681 ff. 14r--25v. 23. Table of the true longitudes of Mercury for 1 to 52 weeks hcrizontal, 0 to 59 years vertical. Manuscripts: IO 2631 ff. 26r-37v. 24. Table of the longitudes of Jupiter for 1 to 52 weeks horizontal, 0 to 59 years vertical. Manuscripts: IO 2631 fi. 38r-49v. 25. Table of the true longitudes of Venus for 1 to 52 weeks horizontal, 0 to 59 years vertical. Manuscripts: IO 2631 ff. 50r-61v. 26. Table of the true longitudes of Saturn for 1 to 52 weeks horizontal, 0 to 59 years vertical. Manuscripts: IO 2631 ff. 62r-73v, 27. Table of the first and last visibilities and the stationary points of Mars for 0 to 59 years. noted in the table are the week- number, the phenomencn recorded, the days within the week, and the difference to the recurrence of the same phenomenon in the next year. Tables 29 to 32 are set up in the same way. Mounuseriots: 10 2631 ff. 74r-74v. 28. Table of the beginnings cf the naksatracaranas. Manuscripts: IO 2631 f. 74v. 29. Table of the first and last visibilities and the stationary points of Mercury: set up as is table 27, Maauscripts: TO 2631 ff. 73r--80v. 30. Table of the first and last visibilities and the stationary points of Jupiter; set up as is table 27, Mauscripts: TO 2631 ff. 81r--81v. 31. Table of the first and last visibilities and the stationary points of Venus: set up as is table 27. Manuscripts: IO 2631 ff. 82r-82v. ===== стр 174 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 175 32. Table of the first and last visibilities and the stationary points of Saturn; set up as is table 27. Manuscripts: 10 2631 ff. 83r-84r. Il. The . Of this untitled set of astronomical tables only a very im- perfect copy is available. This, being written in Sarada script, evidently originated in Kaémira, one of the places (with Assam and Nepal) where the Khandakhadyaka, written by Brahmagupta at Bhillamala (Bhinmal, Rajasthan) in 665, maintained its popu~ larity. The mean motion tables of this work are now lost, as are the tables of the equations of the Sun, the Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, and the beginning of Venus, li. Manuscripts. IO 3653c. 46ff. Ill. Tables. 1. Table of the equaticn of the conjunction of Venus. There are 3 columns, The first gives the argument for 1 to 180°, the second the equation, and the third the increment to or decrease from the daily progress. ‘The maximum equation was 46;15°; the closest value surviving in our manuscript is 46;12,-° at 135°. Manuscripts: IO 3653c. ff. Ir-2r. 2. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Venus set up as is table 1, but the argument is ccunted from perigee rather than apogee. The maximum equation is 45;0,0° at 57°. Manuscripts: 10 3653c. ff. 2r—4v. 3. Table of the equation of the center of Venus set up as is table 1, but the argument is only for 1° to 90°. The maximum equation is 2;14° at 90°. Manuscripts: IO 3653c. ff. 4v-Tr, 4, Table of the equation of the conjunction of Saturn set up as is table 1. The maximum equation is 6;20° at 96°, Manuscripts: IO 3653c. ff. 7r-10r. ===== стр 175 ===== 176 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 5. Table of the conjunction of Saturn set up as is table 2. The maximum equaiion 1s 8;20 at 81 tu 8. Manuscripts: 10 3653c. ff. 10r-13r. 6. Table of the equation of the center of Saturn set up as is table 3. The maximum equation was 7;40 at 90 ; the closest entry that can now be read is 7;39,8 at 89°, Manuscripts: 10 3653c. ff. 13r— 14r. 7. Table of the daily progresses of the Sun for 1 to 360 days. The table starts with the Sun at its minimum daily pro- gress, that is at apogee. The limits are 0;56,53 and 131,23 , so that the mean is 0;59,8°. Manuscripts. IO 3653c. ff. I4v-l7v. 8. Table of the daily progresses of the Mvon tor 1 to 3031 days. The relationship 110 anomalistic months 3031 days is found in Khandakhadyaka 9,5. Manuscripts: 10 3653c. H. 17v—42v. 9. Table vi the declination of the Sun tor 1 to 9U ; & Is Z4 as in Khandakhadyaka 1,29. A third column gives the differences between the declinations. Manuscripts: 10 3653c. ff. 42v-43v. 10. Table of Sines for 1 to 90; R100 as in Khuwdakhad yaka 1,30. A third column gives the differences between the Sines, Manuscripts: 10 3653c. ff. 43v—4or. 11. Table probably having to do with the time between mid- night, the Khandakhadyaka’s epoch, and sunrise; the argument is the sclar longitude, in this table from (Anes) 1 to 90° (- Cancer 0 ). The value at 1 is 14;57 (ghatikas), at 90 12,7 (ghatikas). This implies the Babylonian ratio 3:2 of the longest to the shortest day. Manuscripts: IO 3658c. ff. 45r-45v. 12. A continuation of the table 11 for (Libra) 1 to 90° (.. Capricorn 0°). The value 1° 15,0 (ghatikas), that at 89° 17;53 (ghatikas); the value at 90° is partially torn off, but the 17 can still be read. Manuscripts: IO 3653c. fl. 45v-46r, ===== стр 176 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 177 The Grahamanjari. I. The Grahamanja ri. Nothing is known of this work. In the first verse it men- tions Savita (.. Surya) as on author on jyotihsastra and refers to the years 2116 and 284 of some unspecified era: yac chastram savita cakdra vipulaih skandhais tribhir jyotisam tasyocchitlibhayat punah pratiyuge samskrtya khetasphutam , bhuyah saptamanor nrpaikayugale varse sthite vai gate vedastaksisame yugasya tanute * * * cakhilam grahamafjarim “ * * It is not clear what relation either Sirya or the two dates might bear to this treatise. II. Manuscripts: *TC R. 15, 122. 4ff. “TC R. 15. 123. 33ff, UI. Tables. The tables associated with the Grahamanjari are of the equa- 1 tion of the planets expressed in units equal to —-- =: 0;18 3320 (except in the case of the manda equations of Venus and Mercury). The argument of the manda equations of the superior planets in- creases at intervals of 0;18 (there are 300 such intervals in 90°), and that of the gighra equations in intervals of 0;13,30° (there are 800 much intervals in 180°). The case of the manda equations of the inferior planets is not clear; there are 365 in- tervals before the maximum equation is attained (at 90°?). The manda equations of the inferior planets are also expressed in units different from 0;18°; these units must be approximately 0;0,6°. These maximum equations result from interpreting the tables in this way: manda equations Sighra equations Saturn 26;240:18° == 7;55,12° 21 0;18°— 6;18° Jupiter 17;36 X0:18" : : 5;16,48° 3€ x 03;18° = 11;24? Mars 37:24.0;18" = 11513,12° 2.150318 = 39:54° Venus 20, 0;10 x0; 0,6°-: 2; 0, 1° 2.30 0;18° —45° Mercury 19,45;390; 0,6°=: 1;58,33,54° 23 ===== стр 177 ===== 178 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 1. Table of the manda equation of Mars for 0 to 300; the maximum is 37324. . ; Manuseripts: 1C R. 15. 122 tl. 8v 4v; IC R. 15, 123 tf. 4v-b6v. 2, Table of the sighra equation of Mars tor 0 tu 800; the maximum is 133, Manuscripts. ‘LC R. 15. 123 ft. 6v-1Ur. 3. Table of the manda equation of Jupiter ior 0 to 300; the maximum is 17536. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 123 ff. 10v-lev. 4. Table of the sighra equation Jupiter for U0 to 800; the maximum is 38. Manuscripts: IC R. 15. 123 tf. 12v -16v. 5. Table of the manda equation of Venus for 0 to 365; the maximum is 1200; 10. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 123 ff. 16v-18r. 6. Table of the gighra equation of Venus for 0 to 800; the maximum is 150. Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 123 ff. 18r-22v. 7. Table of the manda equalion of Saturn tor 0 to 300; the maximum is 26;24, Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 123 ff. 22v-24v. 8. Table of the sighra equation uf Saturn for 0 to 800; the maximum is 21, Manuscripts: TC R. 15. 123 ff. 24v.-28v. 8. Table of the manda equation of Mercury for 0 to 363; the maximum is 1185;39. Manuscripts; TC R. 15. 123 ff. 28v-30r. The J. The This unnamed and undated set of tables consists of two parts. The first, containing tables 1 to 23, belongs to the Sau- rapak$a (compare the parameters with thuse of the Makaranda); and the seccnd, containing tables 24 to 28, belongs to the Arya- paksa. ===== стр 178 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 179 II. Manuscripts: 1O Burnell 287-288. 116 and 113 pp. Ill. Tables. 1. Table of the equation of the center of the Sun in 5 columns. Column 1 gives the argument as 1° to 90°; column 2 the equaticn, with the maximum being 2;10,30° at 90°; column 3 the differences between entries in column 2; column 4 the incre— tment to (or decrease from) the mean daily motion, with the maximum being 0;218 at 1; and column 5 a function which increases from 0:05 at 1° to 0;1,50° at 90”. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 9-12. 2. Table of the equation of the center of the Moon in 4 columns (tables 4, 6, 8. 10, and 12 are set up in the same way). Column 1 gives the argument as 1° to 90°; column 2 the equation, with the maximum being 5;2,46" at 90°; column 3 the difference between entries in column 2; and column 4 the in- crement to (or decrease from) the mean daily motion, with the maximum being 1;9,41° at 1’. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 13-16. 3. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Mars in 3 columns (tables 5, 7, 9, and 11 are set up in the same way). Column 1 gives the argument as 1° to 180°; column 2 the equation, with the maximum being 40;16.24° at 131°; and column 3 the differences between entries in column 2. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 17-20. 4. Table of the equation of the center of Mars for 1” to 90”. The maximum equation is 11:32.13° at 90°: the maximum incre~ ment 0:732 at1. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 21-24. 5. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Mercury for 1° to 180°. The maximum equaticn is 21;31,19° at 112° Manuscripts. IO Burnell 287 pp. 25-28. 6. Table of the equation of the center of Mercury for 1° to 90°) The maximum ecauation is 4;27,39° at 90°; the maximum increment 0;1,55° af 1°. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 29-82. ===== стр 179 ===== 180 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 7. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Jupiter for 1 to 180°. The maximum equation is 11731,49° at 101°. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 33-36. 8. Table of the equation of the center of Jupiter for 1° to 90°. The maximum equation is 5;5,59° at 90°, the maximum in- erement 0;0,27° at 1°. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 37-40. 9. Table of the conjunction of Venus for 1° to 180°. The maximum equation is 46;22,53° at 1377. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 41-44. 10. Table cf the equation of the center of Venus for 1° to 90°. The maximum equation is 1:453° at 90°, the maximum in- crement 0:1,57° at 1°. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 45-48. 11. Table of the equation of the conjunction of Saturn for 1° to 180°. The maximum equaticn is 6; 22.46° at 96°. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 49--52. 12. Table of the equation of the center of Saturn for 1° to 90°. The maximum equaticn is 7:39,447 at 90°, the maximum increment 0;0,16° at 1°. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 53-56. 13. Table of the declination of the Sun in 2 columns. Column 1 gives the argument as 1° to 90°; column 2 the decli- naticn, with the maximum being 24° at 90°; and column 3 the differences between entries in column 2. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 57-58. 14. Table of the latitude of the Moon in 3 columns. Column 1 gives the argument as 1 to 90°; column 2 the latitude, with the maximum being 4;30 at 90; and column 3 the differences between entires in column 2. Manuscripts: I0 Burnell 287 pp. 59 60. 15. Table of the motion of the Sun for 1 to 9; 10 to 90; 100 to 900; 1,000 to 9,000; 10,000 to 9,000; 100,000 to 900,000; 1,000,000 to 9,000,000; and 10,000,000 to 100,000;000 days (tables 16 to 23 are set up in the same way). The mean daily motion of the Sun is 0;59,8,10.10,24,20,....°. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 65-68. ===== стр 180 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 181 16. Table of the mean motion of the Moon. The mean Caily invtion is 13;10,34,52,3,49.....°%. Manuscripts. IO Burnell 287 pp. 69--72. 17. Table of the mean motion of the lunar apogee. The mean daily motion is 0;6,40,58.42,31,....°. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 73-76. 18. Table of the mean mction of Mars. The mean daily motion is 0;31,26,28,11,8.....°. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 77-80. 19. Table of the mean motion of Mercury's conjunction. The mean daily motion is 4;5,32,20,41,51,....°. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 81-84. 20. Table of the mean mction of Jupiter. The mean daily motion is 0;4,59,8,48.35.....7. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 85-88. 21. Table of the mean motion of Venus’ conjunction. The mean daily motion is 1;36,7,43.37,16,....°. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 89-92. 22. Table of the mean motion of Saturn. The mean daily motion is 0;2,0,22,53,25,....°. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 93-96. 23. Table of the mean motion of the Lunar node. The mean daily mction is 0;3,10,44.43,10.....°. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 97-100. 24. Table of the mean motion of the Sun for 1 to 9, 10 to 90; 100 to 900; 1,000 to 9,000; and 10,000 to 100,000 days (tables 25 to 27 are set up in the same way). The mean daily motion of the Sun is 0;59,8,10,13,3,....°. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 101-102. 25. Table of the mean motion of the Moon, The mean daily motien is 13;10,34,51,53,41,....°. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 103-104. 26. Table of the mean motion of the lunar apegee. The mean daily motion is 0;6 40.54.43,8, ....”. Manuscripts: IO Burnell 287 pp. 105-106. ===== стр 181 ===== 182. SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 27. Table of the mean of the lunar nede. The mean daily motion is 0;3,10,48,8,12,....°. . Manuscripts; IO Burnell 287 pp. 107-108. 28. Table of Sines in 3 columns. Column 1 gives the argument as 1 to 180 in units of 0:30 ; column 2 the Sines, with the maximum being 3437;44,48 — 57,14;44,48; and column 3 the differences between entries in column 2. The value of x is 6,0.0 9 ~—~—— --——-. or 21,600 : 6875 —., 1.54.35:29,36 25 Manuscripts: IO Turnell 287 pp. 109-112. The Bhagapancanga, 1. The Bhagapancanga. This set of tables is probably a product of the early nineteenth century. II. Manuscripts: “BM Add. 14,3651. 6pp. III. Tables. 1. Table of times (expressed in ghatikas and vinadis) associated with longitudes between Aries 0° and Cancer 0°. The table is 12 intervals horizontal and 90 vertical; but the entries never extend to 90. The following table illustrates where each vertical column ends: column end last entry column end last entry 1 74 15; 6 7 87 15:46 2 76 15:13 8 88 15:52 3 78 15:19 9 89 16:0 4 80 15:26 10 87 16:8 5 82 15:33 lt 85 16;14 6 84 15:40 12 84 16:26 Above this table are three horizontal columns. each for 1 to 13. The first is entitled ra (the Sun); the entry for 1 is 0° 5;10° and that for 12 is3 0;0°. The second is entitled cam (the Moon); the entry for 1 is 6 and for 12 is 85. The third is entitled di (the length of daylight); the entry for 1 is 30;12 ghatikas and that for 12 is 32;15 ghatikas. ===== стр 182 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 183 To the side of the main table are three vertical columns for 1 to 89. The first gives the hypotenuse of the shadow, the second the shadow itself, and the third a function entitled padaprabha; all are expressed in units of which 12 are contained in the gnomoa itself. For 1 the hypotenuse is 685, the shadow 683, and the pada- prabha 400; this is not accurate as: 6832 +- 12? = 466,633 and 6852 = 469,225. However, at 89 the hypotenuse is 12, the shadow 0, and the pada- prabha 0. This indicates that the geographical latitude for which the table was computed is exactly equivalent to the obliquity of the ecliptic (for Indians this is generally assumed to be true for the latitude of Ujjayini). Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,365i. p. 1. 2. A similar table, for longitudes between Capricorn 0 and Aries 0° (the heading erroneously gives tuladi). There are 14 horizontal intervals and 72 vertical. The following table illustrates where each vertical column ends: , column end last entry column end last entry 1 48 125337 8 60 14;20 2 50 13344 9 62 14;29 3 50 12;47 10 64 14534 (135347) ll 66 14;41 4 52 13352 12 68 14;47 5 54 14;1 13 70 14354 6 56 14;8 14 72 15; 0 7 58 14314 The entry for the Sun is 9° 1;0' at 1 and 0 0;0° at 14. The entry for the Moon is 83 at 1 and 0 at 14. The entry tor the length of daylight is 27;14 at 1 and 30 at 14. The hypotenuse is 686, the shadow 484 (read 684), and the padaprabha 400 at 1; at 72 they are respectively 12;30, 3554, and 2;16. Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,365i. p. 2. 3. Table of rising—-times expressed in ghatikas for 1 to 6 signs horizontal, 1 to 30 degrees vertical. The entries for 30° are: ===== стр 183 ===== 184 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND Aries 3358 Pisces Taurus 4327 - Aquarius Gemini 5;10 Capricorn Cancer 5;36 Sagittarius Leo 5;31 Scorpio Virgo 5318 Libra 30; 0 Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,365i. p. 3. 4. ‘Table of the time since sunrise of the rising of each of the beginnings of the six signs that rise during the day when the Sun is at the beginning of each of the twelve zodiacal signs. The table is for 1 to 6 signs horizontal, 1 to 12 signs vertical; the entries in the last vertical column are the lengths of daylight when the Sun is at the beginning of each sign. Aries 30; 0 Libra 30; 0 Taurus 31;20 Scorpio 28340 Gemini 32324 Sagittarius 27336 Cancer 32350 Capricorn 27310 Leo 32324 Aquarius 27336 Virgo 31;20 Pisces 28;40 Manuscripts: BM Add. 14,365. p. 3. 5. Pictures of the 28 naksatras with an indication of the num- ber of individual stars in each. Manuscripts: BM Add, 14,365i. p. 3. 6. Table of various parameters associated with the 28 naksatras, The titles of these parameters are: 1. u dhru (udayadhruva)—eastern limit of constellation. 2. a dhru (astadhruva)—western limit of constellation. 3. ma dhru (madhyadhruva) —mean longitude of constellation. 4. Sarabham—latitude of star. 5. Sara am—latitude multiplied by 20. 6. kram ma (krantir madhya) -—declination of ecliptic longitude. 7. kram spa (krantih spasta)—declination of star, ie. sum nf columns 4 and 6. 8. madhyam ca—? | these two parameters are related both to 9. spa ca—? § the star's longitude and to its latitude. 10. dinardha—half-length of time above horizon, 11. mau (madhya udaya) ? 12. khama pha (khamadhyaphala)—longitude of midheaven when the star is in the ascendent. In the following table I give only entries 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 as 3 is the mean between 1 and 2, 5 is a multiple of 4, and 6 is the difference between 7 and 4, ===== стр 184 ===== ° NN DCSOMOMOnE ronan gs q tS aq oman Rea" a << 2 ford +t tT WO oO o So i—} o foe) Ve) oo Pe Tenn aneoaonnnse NNN & NAANNNAZZNNSZNNZSNNNNNNZHMNNNAN ee) notnar wot, S200 x AS aRARBsaRibhassABrtesSRAVEsgygs tooyad owe x aod x se SRV9RBSERBRRSSSSRSSLSERSYSYSLCSERSEHE bc tO OH st woyryRHanwtwoo wm om on moe star F FRG SSAASAARARIRRR RST SRRS Andcortwwn eon vooeootd SOHN MN HM Oe OM Hw IW i Ca oe I ce ee ee ee ee ne i=} t+ [it~] 9m oN we on prSStFRSRRSRERARFSRSAESRAGRARS bette tet tected} dard bd dp bb tte htt i-2) st oo aN oD rN OD moaon oo ‘md eGR SRP SReese a Fi segrarer ass . teeter teeter ea PPP rr i didi ZAZZAZZAZAZAZSAZASNNANNNNANAAZAVZS! a 2 oan ao) “NESSSSZBRRANRRo APRS ORS ASR OBE NR EN ee Sake ee BRSSNYSSRANSAN™PRASRARABK ree ZAZZQnNNAZ N ZAZNNAZNNRNNNYAAR ZF < ° t DNMNSODoOMS eee _ eee . SeofSRSSecoeRooKRHKoRFRoRRFxeoFsoosgo + BARRRRSSSVLSSCRRIRA SE SSSSBEEOEE meERFGRgsry Og GrenrrnoneZanaPeanarea a, 2 On a Oo sn Son KF Ee NOMNMNNOHTINNMNOOrPEr ee aa eagg i8 of a ~ esos. ses : ReoBBSFeceP@eeoFSV@PZRFZoPRFRohoece| cd SS OND ORO SORA Font nat oe o PSP QGGrennAgreogwren sagt Saar * gear z SOM MANNA HT OOH NK MMM EH DAHRSSO 1 es ins os @§ ag 2 a ‘ Pernt Q Sp 0 ' os a=) a 3 aS 1 . we i TB & a 1% + eo Sot 9 in g s ag wy 1D, oe |S iS a ~B¢18_e a "6 ee O4e She sgn 8 seh eGnbe ga 8S g we EE g' me Sei SES & EseeHSPRSSCSRETG SEA ESELEEESE G ASDpSOHEE SSUES BE ar ERG Rear eEOo EL Ep ee 4g¥4 2S 4 eS R580 AS dF SR5e HA GHoe eS 24 ===== стр 185 ===== 186 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND 7. Table of half-times above the horizon expressed in ghatikas for 1 to 28 naksatras horizontal, and for 1* to 90° vertical. The naksatra-columns end at (discrepancies between the ends and final entries in this table and the entries in columns 11 and 10 of table 6 are due to scribal inaccuracies) : End Final entry Aégvini 85° 15;44 Bharani 88 16;8 Krttika 89 16;8 Rohini 85 15:14 Mrgagiras 83 15;40 Ardra 83 15;38 Punarvasu 79 16;43 Pusya 86 16;18 Aslesa 88 15;34 Magha 89 16;1 Pirvaphalguni 84 16;22 Uttaraphalguni 86 16:16 Hasta 64 14;34 Citra 69 14;59 Svati 79 16;39 Visdékha 61 14;15 Anuradha 53 13;54 Jyestha 51 13;48 Mila 42 13:20 Parvasadha 4 13;25 Uttarasadha 43 13:23 Abhijit 70 17:8 Sravana 78 15;18 Dhanistha 85 15:42 Satabhisak ST 14:10 Parvabhadrapada 83 15;35 Uttarabhadrapada 89 15:57 Revati 72 15:0 Manuscripts: BM Add. 14.365i. pp. 4-6. Appendix. The Girinarayanajnati. This Gujarati family plays an important role in the history of the transmission of many of the texts mentioned in this catalogue. It first appears in Junagadh in the early sixteenth century, assumed the surname Bhatta in the early seventeenth century, and dis appears in the middle of the eighteenth century. The manuscripts of the Girinarayanaifiati formed a part of the collection presented by the Gaikawar of Baroda to the East India Company in 1809. ===== стр 186 ===== ANALYSIS OF TABLES 187 The following attempt to reconstruct a genealogy of the family remains very tentative. I 1. Devaraja (fl. ca. 1500), father of II 1. I 1. Vidyadhara (fl. 1521), son of I 1. Finished copying Anup 5127 (Vaémanajataka of Vamana) at Jirnadurga in Sam. 1578 = A.D, 1521 during the reign of Patasaha Mudaphara (Muzaffar II of Gujarat, who ruled from 1511 to 1526). II 1. Nilakantha (fl. 1555), son of II 1. Finished copying 10 2408b (Laghukhecarasiddhi of Sridhara) at Jirnadurga on 25 March 1555 for himself and his brothers Visnu (III 2), Raghu-~ natha (III 3), and Narasimha (III 4). . II 2. Visnu (fl. 1555), son of II 1. III 3. Raghunatha (fl. 1555), son of II 1. NI 4. Narasimha (fl. 1555), son of II 1. IV 1. Harihara (fl. ca. 1580), father of V1. Wrote the Ganitaciidaémani based on Asadhara’s Grahajiiana. IV 2. Purusottama (fl. 1599), son of III 4. Finished copying TO 2408a (Ganitacidaémani of Harihara IV 1) on 9 November 1599. V 1, Narayana Bhatta (fl. ca. 1600), son of IV 1. VI 1. Nilakantha (fl. 1626-1637), son of V 1. Finished copying IO 2648 (Khetasiddhi of Dinakara) on 7 April 1626; and IO 2464b (Grahajitina of Asadhara) on 10 July 1637. VI 2. Mukunda Bhatta (fl. 1649-1665), son of V 1. Finished copying IO 2372a (Téajikapaddhati of KeSava) at Rajadurga (Rajkot) on 12 April 1650; 10 2076a (Jatakapaddhati of KeSava) at Rajakota on 25 November 1649; and IO 2372b (Muktavali- paddhati of Siva) on 7 January 1665 for his son Vigvanatha (VII 1). VI 3. Vidyadhara Bhatta (fl. 1638-1643), son of V 1. Wrote the Grahavidyadhara at Rajakota under Raja Virabhadra in 1638, and the Paficingavidyadhari at Jirnagadha under the same raja in 1643. Conied IO 2464c (Grahajiana of Asadhara). ===== стр 187 ===== 188 SANSKRIT ASTRONOMICAL TABLES IN ENGLAND VII 1. Visvanatha (fl. 1665), son of VI 2. VIL. 2. Bhanaji (fl. 1672), son of VI 3. Finished copying 10 2110 (Yogayatré of Varahamihira) on 2 February 1672. VIL 3. Mukundaji Bhatta (fl. ca, 1670), father of VIII 1. VIII 1. Prabhuji Bhata (fl. 1726-1740), son of VII 3. Finished copying 10 2091¢ (Laghujdtaka of Varahamihira) at Nutanapura on 13 June 1740 during the reign of Jamma Sritamamci (?) for the brothers (and his sons) Jivara (IX 1), Vallabhaji (IX 2), Moraraji (IX 3), and Bhavani (IX 4). Copied IO 2529e B (Tithikalpadruma). IX 1. Jivaraja (fl. 1740), son of VIII 1. Owned IO 2049c (tables) and IO 2520a (Javanajataka of Yavanacarya and Bala- bedhajdtaka of Haridatta). IX 2. Vallabhaji (fl. 1740), son of VIII 1. IX 3. Moraraji (fl. 1726-1740), son of VIII 1. Finished copying 10 2529b (Paicingavidyadhari of Vidyadhara VI 3) on 7 Decem- ber 1726. Copied IO 2083¢ (Grahavidyadhara of Vidyadhara VI 3) for his brothers Jivaraja (IX 1) and Vallabhaji (IX 2): and TO 2529e A (Tithikalpadruma). IX 4. Bhavani (fl. 1740). son of VIII 1. ? X 1. Nanu Bhata (fl. between 1740 and 1809). Owned IO 2529e B (Tithikalpadruma).